Steps to Writing Reactions• Some steps for doing reactions

1. Identify the type of reaction

1. Predict the product(s) of the reaction

2. Write the correct formula of the compounds

1. Balance the equation

Seven Diatomic elements

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer! For example, Oxygen is O2 as an element.

H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2

Memorize this list!

Notation used to show physical state of substances:(s) solid, such as metals

(l) liquid, like water!

(g) gas, like hydrogen

(aq) aqueous, dissolved in water

Memorize these!

Single replacement reactions

Single Replacement Reactions• Single Replacement Reactions occur when one

element replaces another in a compound.

A metal can replace a metal (the positive ions trade places)

ORa nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (the negative ion

trades).

• element + compound element + compound A + BY AY + B (if A is a metal)

ORX + BY BX + Y (if X is a nonmetal)

(remember the cation always goes first!)

Activity Series:

Single Replacement Reactions

Single Replacement Reactions• Write and balance the following single

replacement reaction equation:• Zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric

acid

Zn(s) + HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Note: Zinc replaces the hydrogen ion in the reaction

2

Single Replacement ReactionsSodium bromide solid reacts with chlorine gas NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g) NaCl(aq) + Br2(l)

Note that chlorine replaces bromine in the compound

• Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Al(s)+ Cu(NO3)2(aq)

Copper DOES NOT reaction with aqueous aluminum nitrate. Copper is below aluminum on the activity series.

Cu(s)+ Al(NO3)3(aq)

2 2

No Reaction

Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals:Most react with acid solutions to produce a salt and

hydrogen gas.Ex: Mg(s) + HCl(aq) MgCl2 + H2(g)

You try:Li(s) + H2SO4(aq)

Memorize the following acids: hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric acid H2SO4

Nitric acid HNO3 Phosphoric acid H3PO4

Alkali metals and alkaline earth metalsMany of them are active metals that react

with water and produce a base and hydrogen gas:

Ex: 2 Li(s) + 2 H2O(l) 2 LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

Hint: Water is HOH!

You try:Ca(s) + HOH(l)

Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth metalsActive metals replace the metallic ions in

solution to produce a salt and the other metal.

Ex: Mg(s) + CuCl2(aq) MgCl2(aq) + Cu(s)

Your turn:Mg(s) + ZnCl2(aq)

Halogens:More active halogens replace less active

halides in single replacement reactions.

F > Cl > Br > I (The same order as the periodic table)

Example:MgBr2(s) + Cl2(g) MgCl2(s) + Br2(l)

Try: NaBr(s) + I2(g)

NO REACTION!

Practice1. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)

1. Au(s) + HCl(aq)

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)

Cl2(aq) + CaBr2(aq)

Fe(s) + HNO3(aq)

1. Na(s) + H2O(l)

Answers: Check your work!1. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

1. Au(s) + HCl(aq) No reaction

1. Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq)

2. Cl2(aq) + CaBr2(aq) Br2(aq) + CaCl2(aq)

1. Fe(s) + 2 HNO3(aq) H2(g) + Fe(NO3)2(aq)

1. 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

More practice – answers on the next slide.1. Al(s) + H2SO4(aq)

1. Ca(s) + HCl(aq)

Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq)

F2(aq) + LiBr(aq)

Mg(s) + HNO3(aq)

1. Ca(s) + H2O(l)

1. Cl2(aq) + AlBr3(aq)

1. 2Al(s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) 2 H2 (g) + Al2(SO4)3(aq)

1. Ca(s) + 2 HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

1. Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) no reaction

2. F2(aq) + LiBr(aq) LiF(aq) + Br2(aq)

1. Mg(s) +2 HNO3(aq) Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)

1. Ca(s) + 2 H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

1. Cl2(aq) + AlBr3(aq) AlCl3(s) + Br2(aq)