Post on 18-Jan-2018
description
Blood Typing Lab
STEM Whodunit?Practice Lab
Blood Typing
• What’s your blood type? ex., mine is O+
• ABO and Rh factors are totally independent of each other
SurfaceAntigens
Antibodies
A A Anti-B
B B Anti-A
AB A, B none
O none Anti-AAnti-B
ABO Antigens and Antibodies
The Rh Factor
• Also called D antigen
• Either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-)
SurfaceAntigens
Rh+ Rh factorRh- none
Blood Type Test • Determines blood type and compatibility
Figure 19–7
Blood Types
• Genetically determined cell surface markers (antigens) on RBCs, including
– ABO group – glycolipids on RBC surface– Rh factor – membrane protein
4 Basic Blood Types• A has surface antigen A• B has surface antigen B• AB has both antigens A and B• O has neither A nor B
• A has type B antibodies• B has type A antibodies• O has both A and B antibodies• AB has neither A nor B antibodies
Figure 19–6a
4 Basic Blood Types
• Antigens also called agglutinogens• Antibodies called agglutinins
Blood type questions
• Which blood type is the best in emergency settings (hint: which type can be given to anyone?)
• Which blood type is the lucky one that can receive blood from any donor?
Cross-Reaction
• If donor and recipient blood types not compatible:
– Plasma antibody meets its specific surface antigen and blood will agglutinate (clot) and hemolyze (kill each other)
– This is really bad….
Figure 19–6b
Cross-Reaction
Blood typing procedures• 6 trays with three wells each
6 Bottles of “blood” 3 Bottles of antibodies
Victim
Suspect 4Suspect 3Suspect 2
Suspect 1Crime scene
AA A
AA ARh BBB
BBB
Rh
Rh Rh Rh
Rh
Blood Typing Procedures• For each well Place 1-2 drops of blood from one
bottle in all 3 wells– 1-2 drops of crime scene in each of the three wells– 1-2 drops of victim in each of the three wells– 1-2 drops of suspect 1 in each of the three wells – 1-2 drops of suspect 2 in each of the three wells – 1-2 drops of suspect 3 in each of the three wells – 1-2 drops of suspect 4 in in each of the three wells
• For each tray add:– 1-3 drops of anti-A serum to one well and stir– 1-3 drops of anti-B serum to one well and stir– 1-3 drops of anti-Rh serum to one well and stirLook for clumping reaction
Blood type?
• What is the blood type? x = clumping rxn.
• Next question: what antibodies does this person have in their blood?
A B Rh
X X
Example of Determining Genotype – Punnett Square
• Mom’s phenotype is group A, genotype AO• Dad’s phenotype is group B, genotype BO
B O
A AB 25% AO 25% (Group A)
O BO 25% (Group B) OO 25% (Group O)
Group O
• Approximately 45% of the population is group O.
• No A or B antigens present, think of as “0” antigens present.
• These individuals form potent anti-A and anti-B antibodies which circulate in the blood plasma at all times.
Group A
• Approximately 40% of the population is group A.
• No B antigens present.• These individuals form
potent anti-B antibodies which circulate in the blood plasma at all times.
Group B
• Approximately 11% of the population is group B.
• No A antigens present.• These individuals form potent
anti-A antibodies which circulate in the blood plasma at all times.
Group AB
• Approximately 4% of the population is group AB.
• Both A and B antigens present.
• These individuals possess no ABO antibodies.
• NOTE: This slide is in error as it only illustrates presence of one antigen not 2.