Springshed Management- A hydrogeological Approach: A case study of Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India

Presented by Dr. Sunesh Sharma

People’s Science InstituteDehradun

Source: VIS, People’s Science Institute

Location of Selected AR Site; Thanakasoga Panchayat

VillagesTotal

HH

Brahmin

HH

Rajput

HHSC HH

Total

Population

1) Luhali 23   23 0 211

2) Satter-

bhadon

13 8 3 2 135

3) Dhyali 40 6 30 3 249

4) Dandor 48 19 1 28 278

5) Thanakasoga93 24 17 52 564

Total 217 57 74

85 1437

Demographic structure of the villages

Cropping pattern in Action research site

Ginger

Maize

Colcocasia

Pulses

Water Availability versus demand(April,2012)

Note: • Villagers fulfill the gap of the shortage of water availability by storing water supplied by IPH. IPH water

supply is irregular, water supply is twice in a week in the summer season. • As per Himachal govt norms: 70 lpcd and 30 lpd per cattle

Methodology

Interventions• Geological mapping of the village• Recharge area demarcation• Spring inventory• Installation of rain-gauge• Water discharge data collection monthly basis• Water quality sampling and analysis of WQ data• Formation of Water management committee and Water user groups• Sensitization of WMC and WUGs through meeting and exposure tour • Nursery establishment • Estimation and planning for recharge activities• Recharge structures (earth works ) construction and vegetative

measures (plantation)• Social fencing for recharge areas

Map of Luhali Village

548 548 1096

Legends

Agr. Land

Irri. Agr. Land

Private Pasture Land

Waste Land

Settlement

Bowari

Spring

Bowri

Community forest Land

Stream

Geological Map of Luhali

Quartzite

Phyllite

Fracture

Fault

Legends

Sandstone

548 548 1096

Bowri

Spring

Phyllite

Quartzite

Geological Cross section of Luhali village

Quartzite

Phyllite

Major Fracture

Sandstone

Fault

Fracture

Legends

Recharge Area

Bowri

Spring

Groundwater sources and their recharge area in Luhali village

Vegetative Measures

Staggered Trenches

C C T

Reserve Forest

DIW

Activities Proposed in Recharge Area of Bowri-1 & Bowri-2 in Luhali Village

Time –trends chart

PGWM with school children

PRA

Nukkad Natak for awareness

Activities under exposure visit

Source cleanliness by WUGs

WUGs meeting

NurseryNursery establishment

Agreements Copies

On-site Water Discharge Measurement and Water Quality Analysis in PSI Lab

Deep Infiltration Well(DIW)

Month wise water discharge of different sources in selected villages

May_1

2

June_12

July_12

Aug_12

Sept_1

2

Oct_12

Nov_12

Feb_1

3

Mar_13

Apr_13

May_1

3

June_13

July_13

Aug_13

Septr_

13

Oct_13

Nov_13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700Hydrograph: Thanakasoga

Rainfall

Thana Kasoga B-1 (Mandir)

Thana Seasonal spring-1

Thana Kasoga B-2

Thanaka Seasonal spring-2

Thana Kasoga B-3

Thana Kasoga B-4

Disc

harg

e in

LPM

Rain

fall

in m

mMay_12

June_12

July_12

Aug_12

Sept_12

Oct_12

Nov_12

Feb_13

Mar_13

Apr_13

May_13

June_13

July_13

Aug_13

Septr_13

Oct_13

Nov_13

02468

101214161820

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700Hydrograph-Dhayli

Rainfall

Dhyali B-5(Sita)

Dhyali B-6 (Kishan)

Dhayli-Maroga

Disc

harg

e in

PLM

Rain

fall

in m

m

Recharge activities is done in Thanakasoga-B1 &B2, Seasonal spring -1 and 2 in August 2013

Recharge activities is done in Dhayli B-5&B-6 in August 2013

May_1

2

June_12

July_12

Aug_12

Sept_1

2

Oct_12

Nov_12

Feb_1

3

Mar_13

Apr_13

May_1

3

June_13

July_13

Aug_13

Septr_

13

Oct_13

Nov_13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700Hydrograph:Luhali

Rainfall

Luhali B-1 (Shiv Mandir)

Luhali B-2 (Pradhan)

Luhali B-4 (Lower)

Disc

harg

e in

LPM

Rain

fall

in m

m

Recharge activities are done in Luhali B-4

May_1

2

June_12

July_12

Aug_12

Sept_1

2

Oct_12

Nov_12

Feb_1

3

Mar_13

Apr_13

May_1

3

June_13

July_13

Aug_13

Septr_

13

Oct_13

Nov_13

05

1015202530354045

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700Hydrograph: Sattarbadon

Rainfall

Sattar Bhadon B-1

Sattar Bhadon B-2 (School)

Disc

harg

e in

LPM

Rain

fall

in m

m

Thana-1 Thana-2 Dhayli-5 Dhayli-6 Luhali-40

10

20

30

40

50

60

Fecal Coliform

Before PGWM pilot implementation (October-2012)After Before PGWM pilot implemen-tation(October-2013)

Source

CFU

/100

ml

Thana-1 Thana-2 Dhayli-5 Dhayli-6 Luhali-40

100

200

300

400

500

600

Electric Conductivity

Before PGWM pilot implementa-tion (October-2012)After PGWM pilot implementa-tion(October-2013)

Source

μmho

/cm

Thana-1 Thana-2 Dhayli-5 Dhayli-6 Luhali-40

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Iron

Before PGWM pilot implementation (Oc-tober-2012)After PGWM pilot implementa-tion(October-2013)

Source

mg/

lt

Change in irrigation patternBefore PGWM After PGWM

Impacts• WUGs and WMCs formation• Water quality and sanitation• Artificial water recharge capacity• Equitable benefit sharing mechanism• Water usage pattern• Coordination between villages• Source cleanliness• Social protection(protocols)• Change in irrigation pattern• Awareness at panchayat level• Convergence of PGWM with IWMP and MGNREGA• Groundwater development vs management in mountain areas

Thanks