Spanish Colonies• Divide and

conquer• Alliances with

converts• Total war on

holdouts• biological factors

• Divide and conquer

• Alliances with converts

• Total war on holdouts

• biological factors

Spanish Colonies

• Exploitative Integration

• Indenturing Native Americans

• Forced conversion• Replacement with

African slaves

• Exploitative Integration

• Indenturing Native Americans

• Forced conversion• Replacement with

African slaves

Spanish Colonies• More Spanish men

than women– rape of Native and

African women– the image of the

savage woman– call for polygamy

& concubines– despised mulattos

and mestizos

• More Spanish men than women

– rape of Native and African women

– the image of the savage woman

– call for polygamy & concubines

– despised mulattos and mestizos

Spanish Borderlands

• Conquerors and “Civilizers”Explored in 16th c.Colonized in 17th c.

• Conquerors and “Civilizers”Explored in 16th c.Colonized in 17th c.

Indians, Slavery and Africans• Just War Theory• The Encomienda

system• Slavery and

Christianity

• Just War Theory• The Encomienda

system• Slavery and

Christianity

Valladolid 1547

• Natural Law• Gines de

Sepulveda• Bartolome de las

Casas

• Natural Law• Gines de

Sepulveda• Bartolome de las

Casas

New France• Port Royal Nova

Scotia 1605• Quebec founded by

Champlain 1608• by 1635 about 100

French in Quebec• Company of 100,

1630’s1757=65k pop

• Port Royal Nova Scotia 1605

• Quebec founded by Champlain 1608

• by 1635 about 100 French in Quebec

• Company of 100, 1630’s

1757=65k pop

New France

French Colonies• Low Conflict

Orientation• Trade

Orientation– gift exchange

• Jesuit Intellectualism

• Low Conflict Orientation

• Trade Orientation

– gift exchange

• Jesuit Intellectualism

French Colonies

• Alliances and Politics• Indian-French Intermarriage

• Alliances and Politics• Indian-French Intermarriage

The Noble Savage

• Almost no French women• Intermarriage with Native women• Stereotype of the “noble savage”• The Metis

• Almost no French women• Intermarriage with Native women• Stereotype of the “noble savage”• The Metis

The English Colonies:

The English Colonies

• North-South Split

– Geography– Climate– natural

transport

• North-South Split

– Geography– Climate– natural

transport

New England

Virginia

English Colonies• The Pragmatic

Approach• Initial

dependence on Natives

– mine and thine• birth of the

reservation

–development begets conflict

• The PragmaticApproach

• Initial dependence on Natives

– mine and thine• birth of the

reservation

–development begets conflict

English Colonies

• Most Women Settlers

• Emerging prohibition on intermarriage

• Both savage myths• eventual hierarchy• Mothers’ and

children’s races

• Most Women Settlers

• Emerging prohibition on intermarriage

• Both savage myths• eventual hierarchy• Mothers’ and

children’s races

The Southern Colonies• Jamestown : 1606• Royally chartered

corporations• Claims extended

to Pacific: 1609• Powhattan war

1624 &1644• Catholic grants in

Carolinas: 1664

• Jamestown : 1606• Royally chartered

corporations• Claims extended

to Pacific: 1609• Powhattan war

1624 &1644• Catholic grants in

Carolinas: 1664

New England• The New Eden• The Savage

Wilderness• Rapid immigration

• The New Eden• The Savage

Wilderness• Rapid immigration

The Northern Colonies• Massachusetts Bay

to “Religious Non-conformists:” 1622

• Mass Bay corp. 1629• Migration 1630-40• Expansion into

Connecticut 1640’s• Prince Phillip and

Wampanoag war 1680

• Massachusetts Bay to “Religious Non-conformists:” 1622

• Mass Bay corp. 1629• Migration 1630-40• Expansion into

Connecticut 1640’s• Prince Phillip and

Wampanoag war 1680

Churches in 1650

• Religious diversity

• Colonial ID

• Religious diversity

• Colonial ID

Colonial Ethnography

Protestant Anxiety

• Individual calling – Conscience– Predestination – Lacked

principal of order

• Signs of Election– Frugality– Hard work– Sobriety

• Individual calling – Conscience– Predestination – Lacked

principal of order

• Signs of Election– Frugality– Hard work– Sobriety

The Indians as “Savages.”

• rich material lives• rich and fluid

cultural lives• Wayward

Puritans

• rich material lives• rich and fluid

cultural lives• Wayward

Puritans

Puritan Jeremiads

• Fall,• Punishment• Redemption• Indians and the D

evil

• Fall,• Punishment• Redemption• Indians and the D

evil