Post on 18-Jan-2018
description
SolubilityThe amount of solute that will dissolve in a
given amount of solvent
Parts of a Solution• SOLUTE – the part of a
solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)
• SOLVENT – the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)
• Solute + Solvent = Solution
Solute Solvent Example
solid solid Metal alloys
solid liquid Salt water
gas solid Moth balls
liquid liquid Alcohol in water
gas liquid soda
gas gas air
Polar and Nonpolar• A polar bond is a covalent bond between two
atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed
• A nonpolar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are equally distributed
Nonpolar Molecule (CH4) Polar Molecule (H2O)
“Like dissolves like”
Two substances with similar intermolecular forces (force between two molecules) are likely to be soluble in each other.
• non-polar molecules are soluble in non-polar solvents
CCl4 in C6H6
• polar molecules are soluble in polar solvents
C2H5OH in H2O
• ionic compounds are more soluble in polar solvents
NaCl in H2O or NH3 (l)
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature.
An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the solvent has the capacity to dissolve at a specific temperature.
A supersaturated solution contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution at a specific temperature.
Rock candy forms when a seed crystals are added to a supersaturated solution of sugar.
Solubility
Solubility curve
Saturated
Unsaturated
Supersaturated
Solubility curve
Any solution can be made saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated by changing the temperature.