SolubilityThe amount of solute that will dissolve in a

given amount of solvent

Parts of a Solution• SOLUTE – the part of a

solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)

• SOLVENT – the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)

• Solute + Solvent = Solution

Solute Solvent Example

solid solid Metal alloys

solid liquid Salt water

gas solid Moth balls

liquid liquid Alcohol in water

gas liquid soda

gas gas air

Polar and Nonpolar• A polar bond is a covalent bond between two

atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed

• A nonpolar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are equally distributed

Nonpolar Molecule (CH4) Polar Molecule (H2O)

“Like dissolves like”

Two substances with similar intermolecular forces (force between two molecules) are likely to be soluble in each other.

• non-polar molecules are soluble in non-polar solvents

CCl4 in C6H6

• polar molecules are soluble in polar solvents

C2H5OH in H2O

• ionic compounds are more soluble in polar solvents

NaCl in H2O or NH3 (l)

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature.

An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the solvent has the capacity to dissolve at a specific temperature.

A supersaturated solution contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution at a specific temperature.

Rock candy forms when a seed crystals are added to a supersaturated solution of sugar.

Solubility

Solubility curve

Saturated

Unsaturated

Supersaturated

Solubility curve

Any solution can be made saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated by changing the temperature.