Post on 14-Apr-2018
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MEDICAL
SOCIOLOGY-3DR. PRIYANKA DEVGUN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPTT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
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The two basics of society
Social structure
Culture
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Culture
The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviorsand material objects that are passed from onegeneration to next.
Culture is universal, learned, shared, cumulative,paradoxical
Any behaviour that is biologically
determined is not cultural phenomenon3
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How Culture Affects Our Lives
The effects of our own culture generally remainimperceptible to us.
These learned and shared ways penetrate our being.
Culture becomes the lens through which we perceiveand evaluate what is going on around us.
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Components of Culture
Non material culture- ways of thinking andacting
Cognitive culture values, beliefs, ideology
(THINK)Symbolic culture symbols, languages, gestures,
non-verbal communication,body language
(EXPRESS)
Normative culture Socially expected behaviour
(ACT)
Material culture- Clothing, arts etc. 5
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Normative culture
ValuesIdeas of what is desirable in life. Valuesare standards by which people define good andbad.
Normsrules for behaviour and social responsethat develop out of a groups values.
SanctionsPositive or negative reactions to theways in which people follow norms.
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Values: The Basis for Norms
Values: are broad ideas about what mostpeople in society consider to be desirable
Values are much more general than norms
Values are so general that they do not dictateprecise ways of thinking, feeling or behaving;therefore different groups within the same
society can have different norms based on thesame value
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The Importance of Values
Values have an strong influence on humansocial behavior b/c they form the basis fornorms
Values are important because they are generalenough to be involved in multiple aspects ofyour daily life
Ex. A society that values democracy will havenorms ensuring personal freedoms
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Norms
Norms: Rules for defining appropriate andinappropriate behavior
Guidelines for behaving in specific situations
Once norms are learned they guide socialbehavior for members of society
Most people are unaware of norms until they arebroken.
People dont automatically follow norms; normsare learned and accepted by the use of sanctionsAs we get older we tend to conform on our own without sanctions
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Types of Norms
William Sumner who wrote about normsidentified three types of norms in societies
Their importance varies from one society to another
Folkways Mores
Laws
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Folkways: norms not strictly enforced
Mores: rules concerning the core valueof society.
Laws: rules in the form of legal codes,enforced by governmentagencies.
Taboos: a strongly ingrained norm, theviolation of which is repugnant(cannibalism)
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Folkways
Folkways: rules that cover customary ways ofthinking, feeling and behaving but they lackmoral significance
Because folkways are not vital to groupwelfare, disapproval for breaking them isoften not great
Typically people who dont follow them are seen more as odd
than anything
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Mores (MOR-ays)
Mores: comes from the word moralMorality deals with behavior related to right and wrong
Mores are norms of great moral significance and are
vital to the well being of societyConformity brings about social approval and violation
brings strong disapproval
Taboo: the most serious mores a norm so strongthat violation demands punishment by the group.They are mores in negative.
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Laws
Laws: norms that are defined and enforced byofficialsUnlike folkways and mores which are created overtime
and usually unconsciously; laws are consciously createdand enforced
Mores are an important starting point when creatinglaws
Laws often remain in the books long after themores of society have changed resulting in laws thatseem strange or illogical
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Sanctions
Definition: penalties and rewards for
conduct concerning a social norm.
Types: Positive, Negative, Formal, and
Informal
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Sanctions
Positive: a reward
Negative: a punishment
Formal: Comes from an organization(school, government)
Informal: spontaneous expression of
approval or disapproval
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SANCTIONS
MORES/TABOOS
prison/fines/death/exile/firings
FOLKWAYS
frowns/smiles/insults/avoidance/jail small
fines/rewards/promotions/
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Sanctions
Positive Negative
Formal
Informal
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COASTING THRU ASTOP SIGN
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DRIVING 80 KMPHIN A SCHOOLZONE
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Playing tennis in colouredclothes
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being married to 2people at the same
time.
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Believing in God
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me
Murder
Cheating on your income tax
Child Abuse
Writing graffiti on a gravestone
Parking in a Handicap parking space
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me
Murder
Cheating on your income tax
Child Abuse
Writing graffiti on a building
Parking in a Handicap parking space
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder
Cheating on your income tax
Child Abuse
Writing graffiti on a building
Parking in a Handicap parking space
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder law
Cheating on your income tax
Child Abuse
Writing graffiti on a building
Parking in a Handicap parking space
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder law
Cheating on your income tax law
Child Abuse
Writing graffiti on a building
Parking in a Handicap parking space
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder law
Cheating on your income tax law
Child Abuse law
Writing graffiti on a gravestone
Parking in a Handicap parking space
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder law
Cheating on your income tax law
Child Abuse law
Writing graffiti on a gravestone more
Parking in a Handicap parking space
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder Law
Cheating on your income tax Law
Child Abuse Law
Writing graffiti on a gravestone more
Parking in a Handicap parking space Folkway/ more
Sitting during the national anthem
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder Law
Cheating on your income tax Law
Child Abuse Law
Writing graffiti on a gravestone more
Parking in a Handicap parking space Folkway/ more
Sitting during the national anthem Folkway/ more
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder Law
Cheating on your income tax Law
Child Abuse Law
Writing graffiti on a gravestone more
Parking in a Handicap parking space Folkway/ more
Sitting during the national anthem Folkway/ more
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession more
DUI
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me folkway
Murder Law
Cheating on your income tax Law
Child Abuse Law
Writing graffiti on a gravestone more
Parking in a Handicap parking space Folkway/ more
Sitting during the national anthem Folkway/ more
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession more
DUI law
Overusing otc painkiller
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Believing in God Folkway
Bumping into someone one and not saying excuse me Folkway
Murder Law
Cheating on your income tax Law
Child Abuse Law
Writing graffiti on a gravestone More
Parking in a Handicap parking space Folkway/ more
Sitting during the national anthem Folkway/ more
Cutting between cars in a funeral procession More
DUI Law
Overusing otc painkiller More
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Belching or passing flatus in public
Cigarette smoking in sikhs
Cussing/ use of swear words by children
Bride (Indian) decked in white
Lying habitually
Not doing homework
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs
Cussing/ use of swear words by children
Bride (Indian) decked in white
Lying habitually
Not doing homework
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ Taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children
Bride (Indian) decked in white
Lying habitually
Not doing homework
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ Taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white
Lying habitually
Not doing homework
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ Taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually
Not doing homework
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually More
Not doing homework
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually More
Not doing homework More
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually More
Not doing homework More
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar More
Girl wearing trousers
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually More
Not doing homework More
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar More
Girl wearing trousers Folkway
Boy wearing skirt
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ Taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually More
Not doing homework More
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar More
Girl wearing trousers Folkway
Boy wearing skirt Taboo
Girl wearing earrings
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ Taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually More
Not doing homework More
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar More
Girl wearing trousers Folkway
Boy wearing skirt Taboo
Girl wearing earrings folkway
Boy wearing earrings
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Belching or passing flatus in public Folkway
Cigarette smoking in sikhs More/ Taboo
Cussing/ use of swear words by children More
Bride (Indian) decked in white More
Lying habitually More
Not doing homework More
Disrespectful handling of the cadavar More
Girl wearing trousers Folkway
Boy wearing skirt Taboo
Girl wearing earrings folkway
Boy wearing earrings Folkway/ taboo
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NORMS
HOPEFULLY YOUNOW KNOW THEDIFFERENCEBETWEENFOLKWAYS,MORES, LAWS, AND
TABOOS
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Cultural changes
Cultural diffusion: the spread of culturalcharacteristics from one culture to another. cultures.
Cultural leveling: As one part of a culture changes,the other parts has to follow, cultural leveling refers
to the process by which culture becomes similar toone another.
Cultural lag: William Ogburns term for a situationin which nonmaterial culture lags behind changes in
the material culture. Cultural shock: the psychological and social
maladjustment many people suffer when they visitor live in another society.
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Ethnocentrism
Using ones own cultural standards to judgeother cultures, thinking their own culture issuperior and the only way of life.
Functions:generate social cohesion, promotepatriotism
Dysfunctions: cause discrimination, segregation,conflict, hamper social change