Post on 18-Apr-2020
SHELTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RETURN AREAS: ADAMAWA & BORNO STATES
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this assessment is to find out the following:
- The nature of shelter needs in the areas of return
- The types of accommodation / housing used traditionally in the targeted areas
- The varying level of damage sustained by the houses of the affected population
- The demographic profile of the affected population along with the socio-economic condition
- The access to water and sanitation facilities
- The condition of the markets and access to construction materials, skilled labor and financial agents
- The capacity of the affected population for self-help and recovery
Through analysis and evaluation of information obtained from the assessment, the report aims to provide
programmatic insights for internal and external use.
The findings from the assessment will be used to feed back into ongoing projects as to the selection of areas
of intervention as well as contribute to the design and implementation of future shelter assistance targeted
at the covered population.
ADAMAWA
COVERAGE
BORNO
ADAMAWA
METHODOLOGY + DISPLACEMENT PROFILE
BORNO
No LGA RETURNEE IDP TOTAL Percentage No of HH assessed
1 Gombi 52,616 2,251 54,867 7.32 73
2 Hong 166,567 3,714 170,281 22.72 227
3 Madagali 59,957 18,355 78,312 10.45 105
4 Maiha 56,252 14,887 71,139 9.49 95
5 Michika 124,280 26,152 150,432 20.07 201
6 Mubi
(North)
97,080 10,889 107,969 14.41 144
7 Mubi
(South)
110,554 5,886 116,440 15.54 155
TOTAL = 749,440 100.00 1,000
DIKWA, 263
PULKA, 127GWOZA,
351
NGALA, 241
No LGA/LOC
ATION
Returnee IDP Total Percentage No of HH
assessed
1 Dikwa 3,226 3,453 6,679 27.05 270
2 Ngala 5,252 980 6,232 25.24 253
3 Gwoza 1,821 6,821 8,642 35.00 350
4 Pulka 480 2,661 3,141 12.72 127
TOTAL = 24,694 100.00 1,000
GOMBI, 73
MICHIKA, 214
MADAGALI, 98HONG, 210
MUBI SOUTH, 161
MUBI NORTH, 144
MAIHA, 96
5%
94%
1%
IDP Returnee Not displaced
6%
94%
0%
ADAMAWA BORNO
Less than 1month
Between 1 to3 months
Between 3 to6 months
6 months to 1year
Over 1 year
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA
0%1%3%
17%
79%
0% 50% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA
Less than 1 month
Between 1 to 3 months
Between 3 to 6 months
6 months to 1 year
Over 1 year
LENGTH OF STAY AT CURRENT LOCATION
INTENTION TO STAY AT CURRENT LOCATION
0%0%0%1%
83%
16%
0% 50% 100%
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA Less than 1 month
Between 1 to 3months
Between 3 to 6months
6 months to 1 year
Over 1 year
No answer
0%1%8%
9%
82%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALALess than 1 month
Between 1 to 3months
Between 3 to 6months
6 months to 1 year
Over 1 year
LIVELIHOODS
ADAMAWA BORNO
74%
8%
18%
Farming Business/ Petty Trade Others
0
50
100
150
200
250
Farming Business/ Petty Trade Others
Farming
38%
Business/ Petty Trade 29%
Others 33%
0
50
100
150
DIKWA PULKA GWOZA NGALA
Farming Business/ Petty Trade Others
Only 1% of the HHs are involved with the construction trade Only 2.74% of the HHs are involved with the construction trade
- tailoring,
- civil service,
- driving of vehicles including
trucks,
- teaching,
- masonry and brick making,
- carpentry,
- being a pastor,
- humanitarian work,
- barber,
- veterinary,
- butchery,
- blacksmithing
MONTHLY INCOME + EFFECT OF THE CRISIS
ADAMAWA BORNO
2 0 0 2 0 4 0
31
27
3332
142 116 84
40
187
65176
19 24 12
Not affected Slightly affected Highly affected
8 0 2 3
108
255
57
147
102344
181
DIKWA PULKA GWOZA NGALA
Not affected Slightly affected Highly affected
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA0-20,000 NGN
20,000-40,000 NGN
40,000 - 75,000 NGN
75,000 -100,000 NGN
Above 100,000 NGN
No answer
0% 50% 100%
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA
0-20,000 NGN
20,000-40,000 NGN
40,000 - 75,000NGN75,000 -100,000NGNAbove 100,000NGNNo answer
HOUSING, LAND AND PROPERTY ISSUES
PROPERTY OWNERSHIP
ADAMAWA BORNO
LAND OWNERSHIP + DOCUMENTATION
0 100 200 300
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA
Private Ownership
Private Co-ownership
Caretaker
Other92%
2%1% 5%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA Private Ownership
Private Co-ownership
Caretaker
Renting
Sharer
Occupying withouth concent
Others
Yes30%
No 37%
Not availabe
29%
Other 4%
35%
24%
39%
2%
Yes No Not availabe Other
50%
9%2%
29%
2%8%
Burnt
Inherited
No formalmethod / verbal
Lost
Farming land
49%
18%
26%
6%1%
Burnt
Inherited
No formalmethod / verbal
Lost
Farming land
RENTAL ARRANGEMENTS
ADAMAWA BORNO
4%
96%
Renting Not renting
0 10 20 30 40
GOMBI
MADAGALI
MUBI SOUTH
MAIHA
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBISOUT
H
MUBINORT
H
MAIHA
Series1 0 2 3 1 35 1 0
48%
26%
12%
12%2%
Below 1,000
Over 1,00o to 2,000
Over 2,000 to 3,000
Over 3,000 to 5,000
Over 5,000 81%
12%
7%
Formal rentalagreement
Informal /Verbalagreement
No answer
1%
99%
Renting Not- renting
0 1 2 3 4 5
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA
DIKWA PULKA GWOZA NGALA
Series1 4 1 3 2
As regards to the monthly rent paid by the HHs, the
rent ranged from 1,000 NGN to 6,000 NGN.
4 out of the 10 families reported that they had a
formal rental agreement, while 6 of the families
reported having informal or verbal agreements.
CHANGE OF LIVING SPACE
ADAMAWA BORNO
DISTANCE FROM ORIGINAL HOUSE
Living in the same
house91%
Not in the same
house9%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Nearby (within walking distance)
In the same ward (but not walkingdistance)
In the same LGA, but different Ward
In a different LGA, but within the state
In a different State
57%
43%Same houseas before
Not the samehouse
0% 50% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALATraditional House(Adobe / Mud brick)
Masonry Building(Blocks/ bricks)
Emergency/Transitional Shelterby an agency
In open / publicspace0% 50% 100%
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA Traditional House(Adobe / Mud brick)
Masonry Building(Blocks/ bricks)
Emergency/Transitional Shelterby an agency
317
42
18
18
19
Nearby (within walking distance)
In the same ward (but not walkingdistance)
In the same LGA, but different Ward
In a different LGA, but within the state
In a different State
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
HOUSING CONDITION
FLOOR
ADAMAWA BORNO
FRAME
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Other / No answer
Concrete
Compact Mud
No floor
31%
34%
34%
1%
0% 50% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA
No floor
Compact Mud
Concrete
Other / No answer
6%
41%52%
1%
0% 50% 100%
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA
Pole
Timber
Concrete Column
Brick Column
Other
13%
74%
8%
3% 2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA
Pole
Timber
Concrete Column
Brick Column
Other
8%
30%
30%
26%
6%
WALL
ADAMAWA BORNO
ROOF
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA Grass /Thatch
Mat (Zana)
Bamboo / reed
Timber
Mud brick / Mud
Burnt Brick
Cement block
3%2%1%0%
62%
8%
24%
0 50 100 150 200 250
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA
Grass/Thatch
Iron/Zinc sheets
No answer
Aluminium roofing
6%
86%
2%6%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALAGrass /Thatch
Mat (Zana)
Bamboo / reed
Timber
Mud brick / Mud
Burnt Brick
Cement block
Plastic Sheeting
1% 1% 1%0%
39%
18%
39%
1%
0% 50% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA
Grass/Thatch
Iron/Zinc sheets
Plastic sheet
Aluminium roofing
4%
86%
3%
7%
TOTAL NO OF ROOMS
ADAMAWA BORNO
2 to 321%
4 to 5 25%
6 to 10 39%
Over 10 15%
32%
33%
29%
6%
2 to 3
4 to 5
6 to 10
Over 10
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
CATERGORIES
CATEGORY 4
Completely damaged
with bullet holes, serious
failure of walls; Partial
structure failure of roof
and floor, Hong
CATEGORY 3
Failure of structural
elements, damage to
walls 25%,
Madagali
CATEGORY 2
Doors and/or
windows need to be
replaced, damage to
brickwork 10%, Mubi
South
CATEGORY 1
Bullet holes on the
external walls but not
penetrated inside and
Hairline cracks in very
few walls. Fall of small
pieces of plaster only,
Gombi
1
2
23
2
3
1
13
4
12
12
23
11
1
2
3
19
3
1
2
18
2
16
0
1
2
1
9
13
13
14
12
74
14
4
49
50
49
49
50
13
99
44
0
0
5
11
28
56
1
4
44
26
4
0
26
30
0
3
0
2
26
45
0
32
49
0
0
4
5
5
1
2
6
16
8
11
10
25
7
3
14
13
9
11
13
4
99
78
0
0
0
43
24
131
0
4
124
138
87
80
17
132
15
3
2
1
4
1
0
0
4
0
5
21
115
129
0
11
18
112
20
109
37
94
6
1
39
93
57
93
3
2
84
85
26
20
2
18
7
13
35
4
21
13
1
15
21
16
0
7
2
2
3
0
3
0
8
Bullet holes on the external walls but not penetrated inside
Damage to glass or locks on windows and doors
Light fire damage evident
Hairline cracks in very few walls. Fall of small pieces of plaster only
Fall of loose stones from upper wall in very few cases
Bullet holes penetrated walls
Doors and/or windows need to be replaced
Toilets and wash areas unusable
Damage to brick work or wall 10%
Damage to flooring and plastering 10%
Fire damage evident
Cracks in many walls
Rafters exiting but roofing sheet partially uprooted
Damage to brick work or wall 25%
Damage to flooring and plastering around 25%
Significant fire damage evident
Any structural damage
Large and extensive cracks in most walls
Rafters exiting but without roofing sheet
Partially or completely collapsed roof
Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )
Both partially damaged roof and walls
Partially or completely collapsed roof / Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )
GOMBI MICHIKA MADAGALI HONG MUBI SOUTH MUBI NORTH MAIHAALL CATERGORIES - ADAMAWA
ALL CATERGORIES – BORNO
220
113
180
40
201
52
97
101
155
175
184
222
159
151
151
152
162
201
151
214
107
51
15
30
45
41
3
15
46
14
36
32
34
51
0
46
35
25
9
51
6
75
85
20
67
138
108
10
10
151
152
76
81
209
71
3
89
97
220
82
63
5
119
232
349
96
72
54
16
7
96
77
60
62
26
52
28
5
113
87
83
53
7
10
90
81
150
Bullet holes on the external walls but not penetrated inside
Damage to glass or locks on windows and doors
Light fire damage evident
Hairline cracks in very few walls. Fall of small pieces of plaster only
Fall of loose stones from upper wall in very few cases
Bullet holes penetrated walls
Doors and/or windows need to be replaced
Toilets and wash areas unusable
Damage to brick work or wall 10%
Damage to flooring and plastering 10%
Fire damage evident
Cracks in many walls
Rafters exiting but roofing sheet partially uprooted
Damage to brick work or wall 25%
Damage to flooring and plastering around 25%
Significant fire damage evident
Any structural damage
Large and extensive cracks in most walls
Rafters exiting but without roofing sheet
Partially or completely collapsed roof
Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )
Both partially damaged roof and walls
Partially or completely collapsed roof / Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )
DIKWA PULKA GWOZA NGALA
NO OF HABITABLE ROOMS
ADAMAWA BORNO
No habitable
room 24%
At least one habitalbe
room 12%
2 habitalbe rooms 22%
3 habitable rooms 16%
4 habitable rooms 10%
5 habitable rooms
5%
More than 5 habitable
rooms 11%
43%
19%
19%
8%
5%
2% 4%
AVAILABLE RESOURCES FOR REHABILITATION
81%
1%
1%
2%
0%
8%
4% 3% Land
Cement
Tools
Timber
Joinery
Wall materials (Bricks/ blocks)
Roofing materials (Zinc / ALsheet)
Nothing
Land 63%Cement
6%
Tools 3%
Timber 6%
Joinery 5%
Wall materials (Bricks/ blocks)
11%
Roofing materials (Zinc / AL
sheet) 6%
Nothing 0%
ACCESS TO OTHER SERVICES
ACCESS TO MARKETS
ADAMAWA BORNO
96%
4%
Yes
No
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
GOMBI
MICHIKA
MADAGALI
HONG
MUBI SOUTH
MUBI NORTH
MAIHA
Yes
No
93%
7%
75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100%
DIKWA
PULKA
GWOZA
NGALA
Yes
No
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
DIKWA PULKA GWOZA NGALA
By foot
By Keke
By trucks/ cars /pick-ups
By bicycle
By motorcycle
By donkeys540
180
156
1
111
125
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
By foot
By Keke
By trucks/ cars / pick-ups
By boat
By bicycle
By motorcycle
AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
ADAMAWA BORNO
DIKWA PULKA GWOZA NGALA
HHs reporting availability 235 126 112 117
Percentage reporting availability 89.30% 99.20% 31.90% 48.50%
Type of construction material
avaialble
Timber Timber Timber Timber
Zinc Sheet Zinc
Sheet
Zinc Sheet Zinc Sheet
Cement Cement Cement Cement
Nails Nails Nails Nails
Blocks Blocks Blocks
Paint Iron bars Paint
Tools Tools
60%
GOMBI MICHIKA MADAGALI HONG
MUBI
SOUTH
MUBI
NORTH MAIHA
52 132 89 89 0 9 43
Timber Timber Timber Timber Nails Cement
Cement Cement Cement Cement Tools Nails
Nails Nails Nails Nails Zinc Sheets
Zinc Sheets Zinc Sheets Zinc Sheets
Zinc
Sheets Poles
Blcoks Blcoks Blcoks Paint Tools
Sand Sand Sand
Poles Poles Poles
Tools Tools Tools
Iron bars
Paint
41.2%
AVAILABILITY OF SKILLED LABOUR
ADAMAWA BORNO
76.9% 83%
MASON
Daily Rate Times mentioned Areas/ LGAs
500 3 Pulka
800 7 Pulka Ngala
900 10 Ngala
950 11 Ngala
1,000 40 Pulka Ngala
1,500 36 Pulka Ngala Dikwa
1,800 16 Dikwa
2,000 134 Pulka Ngala Dikwa
2,500 329 Pulka Ngala Dikwa Gwoza
3,000 84 Pulka Gwoza
3,500 63 Gwoza
4,000 10 Gwoza
4,500 1 Gwoza
5,000 1 Gwoza
CARPENTER
Daily Rate Times
mentioned
Areas/ LGAs
800 5 Pulka
900 3 Ngala
1,000 60 Pulka Ngala
1,500 62 Pulka Ngala Dikwa
1,800 132 Dikwa
2,000 191 Pulka Ngala Dikwa Gwoza
2,500 127 Pulka Ngala Gwoza
3,000 134 Pulka Ngala Gwoza
3,500 8 Gwoza
4,000 10 Gwoza
4,500 4 Gwoza
5,000 1 Gwoza
AVAILABILITY OF FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
ADAMAWA BORNO
0% 22%
GOMBI MICHIKA MADAGA
LI
HONG MUBI
SOUTH
MUBI
NORTH
MAIHA
Yes 29 118 0 57 0 9 11
No 44 96 98 153 161 135 85
Total 73 214 98 210 161 144 96
%
reporting
FSP
40% 55% 0% 27% 0% 6% 11%
Name of
FSPs
First
Bank
Microfin
ance
Bank
First
Bank
Microfina
nce Bank
Standar
d Micro
Finance
Bank
Gudusis
a
Microfin
ance
Biyama
Microfin
ance
Bank
Sky Bank
Unity
bank
UBA
Sky
Bank
Postal
Service
RECOMMENDATIONS
The transitional shelter kit of the Shelter Working Group
(https://www.sheltercluster.org/nigeria/documents/nigeria-transitional-
shelter-kit-contents) is considered a potential response to these kind of
rehabilitation works to be carried out, containing CGI sheets, plain GI sheets,
different sizes of timber and nails and an assortment of tools, to be
supplemented by a cash grant. This can be a good start for basic repair.
The package does not allow for major rehabilitation but enables repairing partial elements of heavily damaged houses,
especially considering the fact that majority of the families live in compounds that contain many rooms. However, the initial
repairs enables families to live within the enclosed areas of the homes despite other damages to the structure. This allows
families to carry out further repairs in the future of the remaining area, according to their socio-economic position and at
the time most suited to their recovery process.
Thorough and detailed market assessment and assessment of financial service providers need to be conducted before
intervening with any Cash Based Intervention to the affected community. In addition, the availability of construction
materials and skilled labour.
HLP issues does not come across as a hindrance, at least from the findings of this assessment and in the assessed areas, as
majority of the houses are inhabited by the owners.
Discussions need to be initiated based on further assessments carried out after piloting the transitional shelter kit as to the
contents of the in-kind package as well as the amount for cash grant. For example, since majority of the houses in the
assessed areas are either mud houses or mud-brick houses, brick making molds can be part of the in-kind package, with
training as a complementary guide. Also, the cash grant can be customized according to LGAs depending on the price of
construction materials.
Efforts should be made to synergize shelter response with other sectors in order to ensure that the conditions for long-
term stay are in place.
THANK YOU
Nadia TITHI
Programme Manager (Shelter)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Mobile: +234(0)9062282411
Email: ntithi@iom.int