Several examples of passive acoustics contribution to

biodiversity study

C. Gervaise, J. Bonnel, ENSIETAY. Stephan, SHOM

C. Ioana, GIPSA-Lab

Main ideas

• Our experience of passive acoustics contribution for biodiversity study

• In North East Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel and in Saint Lawrence River

• Some ideas to keep for Mediterranean Sea?

• Some solution for EMSO-LIGURE (Equipex) ?

ENSIETA

• ENSIETA (Ecole Nationale Superieur d’Ingénieurs des Etudes et Techniques de l’Armement), a french superior Engineering school depending on Defense ministry, 600 students, a third are officiers the others are civilians,

• A staff of 150 peoples, 60 are involved in researches in 4 laboratories,– MSN : Mechanics of naval structures,– E3I2 : Signal processing and information merging,– SHI : Humanities for Engineers,– DTN : Development of New Technologies

• Informatics & Electronics,• Oceanic & hydrographic observatory systems

- Gliders- Passive underwater acoustics monitoring

Pour modifier le titre cliquez sur masque de diapositive - 19/02/2008 - 3

Does listening sounds produced by sources of opportunity carry new information about marine environment ? How to exploit theses sounds ?

PAM Passive Acoustics Monitoring – research topic

Our investigation sitesand partners

Rail d’Ouessant160 ships /day

30 common bottlenosedolphins

Benthos in higly anthropogenic area

Saguenay – Saint Lawrence Marine Park,Beluga, Whale Watching

Saint Lawrence4000 ships / semesterBlue, fin, humpback whales

SHOMIUEMPNMIAAMP

UQAR/ISMERMPO

400 common dolphins,At-sea wind turbines, Marine current power.

GECCDREALAgence de l’eau

• Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

• Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

• Example 3 : Impact of human activity (Whale Watching) over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

September to October 2009Continuous recording (fe=32kHz, 16 bit)s

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

Simple metric extraction : % of time with vocalizations over a reference time period

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

• Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

• Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

• Example 3 : Impact of human activity (Whale Watching) over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

Seashore ambiant noise contains benthos production

Some benthic organisms can be biological records of environmental

conditions

Can we monitor benthos behaviour just by listening to it?

Is it possible to understand the link between its behaviour and the environmental conditions ?

- emphasis on the biological sentry concept- emphasis on the biological records exploitation

Sounds are produced when the shell open or close => breathing

Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

Breathing can be heard up to one meter away

Good potentiality for scallop ethology (collaboration with IUEM in 2011) Some impulsive sounds have been localized in very shallow using multipath methods, some sources where more than 200~m away.... What species is it? Do we have another biological sentry?

- 14

8 dB => Rmax ~ 80 cm

Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

• Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

• Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

• Example 3 : Impact of human activity (Whale Watching) over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Example 3 : Impact of Whale Watching over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

48o 10 '

48o 5 '

-69o 49 ' -69o 38 '

Tadoussac

Pointe Noire

km

b) Belugas

0 1 2 3

50 m

200 m

100 m

Tadoussac

km

Array

a) Bathymetry

0 1 2 3

48o 10 '

48o 5 '

-69o 49 ' -69o 38 '

Eastern Canada

48o 10 '

48o 5 '

-69o 49 ' -69o 38 '

Tadoussac

Pointe Noire

km

c)

5-20 %>20 %

Ferries

0 1 2 3

48o 10 '

48o 5 '

-69o 49 ' -69o 38 '

Tadoussac

Pointe Noire

km

d) W hale watching fleet

Main routesDispersed

0 1 2 3

H 4

Acoustical observation in 4

points, continous recording thanks to

a cabled observatory

May-June 2009

Sources Period of the day (h)

0-4 4-8 and 11-24 8-21 10h30-16h30a

Ferries No. 1 1 2 3

No. of transits h-1 2 3 3 x 2 5 x 2

Noise level [1-20 kHz] 102.1 104.0 107.0 110.9

Whale-watching tours departure and arrivals timesb

- -9, 12, 13, 15h30, 16h30,

18 -

Total noise level [1-20 kHz] 102.1 104.0 107.0-112.6 -

Natural ambient Noise level [1-20 kHz] 95.9 95.9 95.9 95.9

St. Lawrence Marine Park is a good site to evaluate human contribution in ambiant noise as its temporal repartition shows 3 distinct phases :- night : no ship traffic- day at fixed hours and location : ferry traffic- day at random hours and location : Whale Watching activity

Example 3 : Impact of Whale Watching over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Time of day (h)

100

102

104

106

108

110

112

114

116

118

120

122

So

un

d p

ress

ure

leve

l [10

-100

0 H

z](d

B r

e 1

µP

a rm

s)

0

10

20

30

40

Tra

ffic

(ve

ssel

no

.)

[10 - 1000 Hz]

[1 - 20 kHz]

Example 3 : Impact of Whale Watching over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Statistical analysis over the full database : 2 months of continuous recording, 4 hydrophones

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2290

95

100

105

110

115

time (h)

wid

e ba

nd S

PL

dB r

ef 1

µP

a2

0 5 10 15 20 2540

50

60

70

80

90

time (h)

fact

or o

f ra

nge

redu

ctio

n R

floor

recorded noise

Estimated hourly mean noise budget

Réduction (%) of beluga call ranges

only ferry

recorded noise

ferry noise

Example 3 : Impact of Whale Watching over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Statistical analysis over the full database : 2 months of continuous recording, 4 hydrophones

Passive acoustics observatory projects

• 3 years of observation in rail d’Ouessant – AIS, 2 hydrophones (SHOM, ENSIETA)

• Cabled observatory creation in really coastal Iroise sea, Projet INTERREG IV Manche, (Ifremer, ENSIETA, Plymouth Marine Laboratory & University), objective : 1 year of continuous observation in 2011

• Submission with INSU, INEE et Ifremer of the équipex ‘EMSO-LIGURE’, installation of 8 hydrophones :– Raw data measurment and transmission to scientific community using

IP– Real time ENSIETA algorithm implementation– Open structure allowing implementation of any algorithms