Post on 28-Dec-2015
School Libraries and Learning Objects: PORTABLE and REUSABLE
Rob Darrow (robdarrow@cusd.com)
LMT on Special Assignment, Clovis Unified
CSLA Conference.
November 2003Resources online at: www.cusd.com/calonline/rob
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
What do people create for the Web? WS – Ways to reuse stuff we put on the
Web? What is the “stuff” people put on the Web? What is the “stuff” library media teachers put
on the Web? Lego Activity
Each person fits their lego piece together on the front table
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Definition of Learning Objects
“ any entity, digital or non-digital, which can be used, re-used or referenced during technology supported learning.” David Wiley, Utah State University (http://www.reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc)
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Objects Reusable Portable Shareable Adaptable
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Objects are like… Puzzle Pieces And other examples???
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Current Learning Objects (The stuff we currently put on the Web) Pictures Web sites WebQuests Text Etc.
All in the way we think is best… No standardization…
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
In Silos
Web sitesLibrary of Congress
Mrs. Smith’s First Grade Units
Video Clips
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
How We Currently Use Learning Objects
To create a lesson or unit... We search for learning objects and arrange
them into classes and courses We edit or revise their content We package the result and place on a Web
site in PowerPoint or put on a disk or print out for others
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Object Thinking The model: learning objects are bits of
instruction or instructional objects strung together to form a course
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
An example to think about How might this picture be used for instruction?
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
How would you catalog this? What subject? Category?
Source: California Digital Library - http://californiadigitallibrary.org/
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Emerges over Time
The use of learning objects consists not in stringing them together, like a narrative, but in arranging them, like (a painting, an orchestra, a sand castle, … )
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Object Repositories Create a learning object and place into a
database Tag these objects using a standard. Content of tags – title, grade, classification,
interactivity, subject, etc. – are used as parameters in a search.
Tags are the “meta data” of a digital object
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Object Metadata Metadata is the content of a learning
object, like the label on a can. Learning Object metadata doesn’t describe
an object, it describes a use of an object That is why we need multiple metadata
schemes, because we have multiple uses Metadata
Definition from the Library of Congress: http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/metadata.html
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Example: Classification Classification is a classic example. What is
the topic of a learning object? That depends on which classification
scheme you use…
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Example: Classification How would you classify this picture? Possibilities:
Hands? Lines? A runner? Start position? P.E.? Health?
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Who Uses Learning Objects? Learning object designer creates tags for
learning objects Instructional designer (teacher, LMT, Web
designer) brings learning objects together
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Ideal Learning Object Use The creation of metadata must occur in the
use of a learning object by many people These comments form part of the
description of the object, aid in searching
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Structure of the Learning Objects Old: objects are placed in a sequence with
limited branching – limited choices, need for uniformity, static, single focus – like in silos
New: objects are placed in an environment – multiple choices, room for diversity, dynamic, multiple points of focus
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
The Wider Context Linear Multi-threaded Content Delivery immersive, interactive Static, paced dynamic, unpaced Demonstration inference Learning objectives learner goals Motivation desire
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Using Learning Objects (1) Old: Static, paced
Objects are organized in a predetermined order – the idea of succession
The delivery or invocation of objects is determined by time or sequence
This delivery is defined by an instructional designer or teacher
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Using Learning Objects (2) New: dynamic, unpaced
Objects are not ordered; each persists independently of the others
The delivery ore invocation of objects is triggered by events
The use of learning objects is based on learner choices
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
A Learning Object Repository Supports teachers teaching Supports student learning
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Objects in Repositories: Continuous, not interrupted Task or project oriented, not subject
oriented Global, not local Dynamically organized, not statically
predetermined Learner driven, not instructor driven
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Learning Object Repositories CAREO - Campus Alberta Repository of
Educational Objects http://www.careo.org
MERLOT – Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching http://www.merlot.org/Home.po
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (images, documents, etc.)
www.loc.gov CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY (images, diaries
and letters, etc.) http://californiadigitallibrary.org/
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Developing online content based on 5th, 8th and 11th grade American history content standards.
www.cusd.com/calonline/tah
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Libraries and Learning Objects LIBRARIES
Books Learning Hub of
School Lessons based on
standards Information Literacy
infused Other Examples?
LO REPOSITORY Variety of media Central database for
dynamic content Consistent standards
in repositories Continual
improvement and development
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
How do we respond? Knowledge Promotion Continue to share Continue to promote sharing
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Sources Used Stephen Downes Web site and PowerPoint
ideas (National Research Council of Canada) http://www.downes.ca/
David Wiley information about Learning Objects (Utah State University) http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CIE/AOP/LO_collections.html
Robdarrow@cusd.com. Clovis Unified School District. November 2003.
Contact Information Rob Darrow
Library Media Teacher on Special Assignment, Online Learning Specialist
Clovis Unified School District, Clovis, California
Robdarrow@cusd.com www.cusd.com/calonline/infolit
Resources online at: www.cusd.com/calonline/rob