Anatomy of

Salivary Glands

Parotid Gland -It is the largest salivary gland

-Secretes serous fluids

Site

Angle of Mandible

Sternomastoid

Auricle

RelationsRelations

Relations

Upper Part

1.Superficial Temporal vessels.Auriculotemporal nerve.

2.Cartilaginous part of External Auditory Meatus.

3.Temporal branch of Facial n.

1.Superficial Temporal vessels.Auriculotemporal nerve.

2.Cartilaginous part of External Auditory Meatus.

3.Temporal branch of Facial n.

Relations

Lower Part

1.Cervical branch of Facial n.

2.Retromandibular vein.

3.Posterior belly of digastric.

4.External Carotid artery.

1.Cervical branch of Facial n.

2.Retromandibular vein.

3.Posterior belly of digastric.

4.External Carotid artery.

Relations

• Zygomatic branch of Facial n.

• Transverse Facial artery.

• Buccal branch of Facial n.

• Accessory Parotid gland.

• Parotid duct.

• Mandibular branch of Facial n.

• Zygomatic branch of Facial n.

• Transverse Facial artery.

• Buccal branch of Facial n.

• Accessory Parotid gland.

• Parotid duct.

• Mandibular branch of Facial n.

Anterior Border

Relations

Lateral Surface

1.Great Auricular nerve.

2.Parotid lymph nodes.

3.Skin and Fascia

1.Great Auricular nerve.

2.Parotid lymph nodes.

3.Skin and Fascia

Relations

Antero-Medial Surface

1.Ramus of the mandible.

2.Masseter muscle.

3.Medial pterygoid muscle

1.Ramus of the mandible.

2.Masseter muscle.

3.Medial pterygoid muscle

Relations

Postero-Medial Surface1.Mastoid process

2.Sternomastoid muscle

3.Posterior belly of Digastric

4.Styloid process and the muscle & ligaments attached to it.

5. Internal carotid artery & Internal jugular vein (carotid sheath).

1.Mastoid process

2.Sternomastoid muscle

3.Posterior belly of Digastric

4.Styloid process and the muscle & ligaments attached to it.

5. Internal carotid artery & Internal jugular vein (carotid sheath).

Relations

Structures within the Gland

1.External carotid artery

2.Retromandibular vein

3.Facial nerve

1.External carotid artery

2.Retromandibular vein

3.Facial nerve

Capsule

1.False Capsule1.False Capsule

Capsule

1.False Capsule

2.True Capsule

1.False Capsule

2.True Capsule

Accesory PartSemidetached part of the gland, which lies just above the parotid

duct

Semidetached part of the gland, which lies just above the parotid

duct

Parotid Duct5 cm long & emerges from

the anterior border & runs superficial to masseter m.

5 cm long & emerges from

the anterior border & runs superficial to masseter m.

Parotid Duct

Then pierces the buccinator to open in the vestibule of

mouth, opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth

Then pierces the buccinator to open in the vestibule of

mouth, opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth

Arterial SupplyExternal Carotid Artery

Venous DrainageRetromandibular Vein

Nerve Supply1. Sensory:

Auriculotemporal nerve

a. Capsule:

a. Gland:

Great Auricular nerve

Nerve Supply2. Sympathetic:

From the sympathetic plexus around the external carotid.

Nerve Supply3. Parasympathetic:

The secretomotor fibers arise from the inferior salivary nucleus in the medulla oblongata.

Joins the glossopharyngeal nerve (9th cranial)

Leaves the 9th nerve through its tympanic branch which enters the middle ear where it joins the tympanic plexus.

Lesser Petrosal nerve arises from the tympanic plexus as a continuation of the tympanic branch

Enters the foramen ovale to relay in the otic ganglion

Joins auriculotemporal nerve through which they reach the gland

MedullaOblangata

InferiorSalivaryNucleus

Glossopharyngeal n.

TympanicPlexus

LesserPetrosal n.

OticGanglion

Auriculotemporal n.

Surface Anatomy of Parotid Gland

Head ofMandible

Middle ofMasseter m.

2 cm belowAngle ofMandible

MastoidProcess

Surface Anatomy of Parotid Duct

Tragus ofthe ear

Midway between the ala of the nose

and the angle of the mouth

Middle ⅓ of the horizontal line

SubmandibularGland

SubmandibularGland

SiteDigastric triangle,

partly below & partly deep to the mandible

Parts1. Superficial part

2. Deep part

3. Submandibular duct

Superficial partDeep part

Submandibular duct

Superficial Part Wedge shaped, extending:Posteriorly: to the angle of mandible.Superiorly: to mylohyoid line of mandible.Inferiorly: it overlaps the 2 bellies of digastric m

Relations1. Inferolateral surface: related to skin, superficial fascia (containing

platysma, cervical branch of facial n., ant. facial v., LNs) & deep fascia.

2. Lateral surface: related to body of mandible, facial a., mylohyoid n. & a.

3. Medial surface: related to 2 muscles (mylohyoid & hyoglossus) & 2 nerves (lingual & hypoglossal).

Triple Relations of Facial Artery to the Gland

Facial a.

Triple Relations of Lingual Nerve to the Duct

Lingual n.

Hypoglossal n.

Deep PartSmall part lying deep to mylohyoidSuperficial to hyoglossusBetween lingual n. above & hypoglossal n. below

Mylohyoid

Lingual n.

Submandibular Duct5cm long Triple relations with the lingual nerve

Lingual n.

Submandibular Duct5cm long Triple relations with the lingual nerveOpening into the floor of mouth close to frenulum of

the tongue

Frenulum

Nerve Supply

1.Sensory: Lingual nerve

2.Sympathetic: Plexus around the facial artery

3.Parasympathetic:Chorda tympani from Facial nerve

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