S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A12.06.2008

Conference of European StatisticiansSession 1- The Demographic Impact of Migration

Paris, 12 June 2008

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

Submitted by STATISTICS AUSTRIA

Stephan Marik-Lebeck

www.statistik.at

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 2

CONTENTS

Introduction Definitions of duration for residents and migration Methodological approaches in migration statistics Data sources for migration statistics in EU-Member States Measurement concepts of international migration in EU-

Member States Conclusion

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 3

Data sources and statistical procedures of migration statistics in EU Member States

Moment of registration

Statistical Processing Register-based

Different sources for

nationals and foreigners

Annual estimate

Ex-Ante (intended stay at

registration, assessment of

validity of permit)

Unchanged Administrative

data

4ES, IT, LU, PL -

5BG, EL,

CY, MT, PT

Statistical Adjustments - - -

Ex-Post (actual length of

registration at given date, de-registration at

expiry of permit)

Unchanged Administrative

data- - -

Statistical Adjustments

9AT, BE, DK, EE, FI, LV, LT, NL,

SE

6CZ, DE, HU, SI,

SK, RO

3FR, IE, UK

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 4

Introduction definitions for the measurement of migration flows and population stocks vary greatly among EU-Member States differences mostly reflect national administrative procedures different rules for nationals, EEA citizens and third-country nationalsreflect distinct legal situationLength of validity of permits determines timing applied to migration statistics for third-country nationals and to a lesser degree also EEA citizenswhile for the immigration of non-nationals most MS use a timing of twelve months, nationals are often are registered instantly.

The situation for emigration is not exactly symmetric. many Member States opt for an absence of twelve months minimum to count a person as an emigrant.

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 5

EU countries define different time-spans to count migration flows UN recommendations (1998) on the measurement of migration

distinguish three main categories: Long-term migrants (actual / intended) length of stay > 12 months Short-term migrants (actual / intended) length of stay 3-12 months Temporary stayers (actual / intended) length of stay < 3 months

For purposes of migration statistics the recording of the first two categories

is recommended but focus on long-term migrants

Methodological approaches in migration statistics

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 6

Migration statistics in EU-Member States available through two main sources:

surveys (e.g. LFS; International Passenger Survey,…) or administrative registration systems.

2/3 of EU-Member States have already implemented registration systems, but use them in very diverse ways

Intended length of stay Actual length of stay between registration and de-registration

Statistical Adjustments unchanged administrative Data

DATA SOURCES FOR MIGRATION MEASUREMENTIN EU-COUNTRIES

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 7

Three Months (= including Short-Term-Migration):

+ Concordance with legal framework free movement of EU citizens limited to three months w/o obligation to register Validity of tourism visas to EU limited to 90 days Persons staying longer need to register / residence permit

+ Greater Timeliness and more rapid Availability of Data Less need for estimations to comply with EU regulation

± Limited impact of Short-Term-migration in relation to Long-Term-MigrationBUT large difference in migration flows (AT ~ 30%) through increase of circular /

seasonal migration, i.e. since 2004 EU enlargement

- Currently no consistency with administrative systems in majority of countries BUT gradual harmonisation of legal framework might increase consistency

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT TIME SPANSFOR MEASURING MIGRATION

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SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 8

limited comparability of migration statistics between countries difficulty of determining migration flows between EU-countries

In addition, this may well contrast with definitions for measurement of population stocks

little harmonisation of migration flows and population stocks difficulty in creating a consistent population accounting system in which the population change between two dates of reference can be

unambiguously explained through demographic components(births deaths, immigration emigration)

CURRENT PREFERENCES OF MIGRATION MEASUREMENTIN EU-COUNTRIES

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 9

International Migration in Austria 2003-2006 by different time spans

Austriaimmigration emigration migration balance

2003 2004 2005 2006 2003 2004 2005 2006 2003 2004 2005 2006

national definition (>90 days)

113.554

127.399

117.822

100.972

77.257

76.817

68.650

73.495

36.297

50.582

49.172

27.477

Long-Term Migration (<365 days)

86.276

97.812

88.477

73.884

53.522

52.026

45.579

50.640

32.754

45.786

42.898

23,244

in % of national definition

76,0 76,8 75,1 73,2 69,3 67,7 66,4 68,9 90,2 90,5 87,2 84,6

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 10

86.61250.442

36.171

28.325

23.613

4.71226.16626.946

-780

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

immigration emigration migration balance

TPS (length of stay ?90 days)

STM (length of stay 91-365 days)

LTM (length of stay >365 days)

International Migration in Austria 2003/2006 by different time spans

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 11

Problems related to the proposals of the EU- regulation

Statistics according to national definitions may differ significantly from those according to the EU-regulation

national statistics are usually based on administrative systems whose legal base is not designed to the needs of statistics and cannot easily be adjusted for coherence with the regulation

publication of two different figures on international migration likely no consideration of short-term migration Focus on long-term migration brings about methodological difficulties

for the allocation of the population on regional level esp. for multiple internal migrations during reference year

OPEN POINTS

S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I AS T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A

SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1The Demographic Impact of Migration

12.06.2008 12

Social Statistics and Ethnic DiversityShould we count, how should we count and why?

Montréal 6-8 December 2007

Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union

Submitted by STATISTICS AUSTRIA

Stephan Marik-Lebeck

www.statistik.at