Getting Parking Right

Presented by Lisa Jacobson Rail~Volution | Minneapolis | September 2014

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Parking Wastes Money

Thank you, Don Shoup!

Parking Wastes Land

If you require more than 3 spaces per 1,000 sq ft, you’re requiring more parking than land use

3

Parking Space 10’ x 20’ = 200 ft2

Bedroom 9’ x 11’ = 99 ft2

Office Cubicle 8’ x 9’ = 72 ft2

Restaurant Table 5’ x 5’ = 25 ft2

Tensions

Sources: “A Heavy Load: The Combined Housing and Transportation Burdens of Working Families,” Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2006. “The Affordability Index: A New Tool for Measuring the True Affordability of a Housing Choice,” Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2008. Sedway Cook studies of parking and housing costs in San Francisco and Oakland.

Parking Worsens Housing Affordability

• For each parking space required in a residential unit: – Price of unit increases 15-

30% – Number of units that can

be built on typical parcel decreases 15-25%

• Fannie Mae: Getting rid of a car = extra $100,000 in mortgage

• At >300 sq ft, each parking space consumes more space than an efficiency apartment

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7

Stop competing with parking

Montgomery County Planning Department

8

Start competing with place

Parking will Drive you Crazy

So what do we do?

10 Key Principles for Smarter Parking

1. Focus on Availability

Methodological approach: Not turnover. Turnover Availability

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2. Pricing not Time Limits

Put your customers first.

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3. Set the Right Price

On-Street: $0.50/hr.

Harbor Garage: $1.50/hr.

… and the Right Time Span

4. Smart Technology

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

5. Use Resources Efficiently

Time of Day

Spaces Used

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Office (150k SF): Real Demand Unshared Supply

2pm

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Restaurant (150k SF): Real Demand

12pm

Unshared Supply

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Residential (150k SF/1000 units): Real Demand

2 am

Unshared Supply

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Unshared Supply

31% Less

Mixed Use Shared Parking

Shared

6. Invest Revenue

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Impact on Sales Tax Revenue

25

Pasadena Retail Sales Tax Revenue

$0

$500,000

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

$2,500,000

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

Year

Sale

s Ta

x R

even

ue

Old Pasadena

Playhouse District

Plaza Pasadena

South Lake

7. Parking for People

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8. Eliminate Minimum Parking Requirements

Ada

m M

illar

d-B

all,

Nel

son\

Nyg

aard

Tailor Parking Requirements

Parking demand varies with geographic factors: – Density – Transit Access – Income – Household size

Cities can tailor parking requirements to meet demand, based on these factors

Does not seek to constrain demand

9. Create Great Places to Walk

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Medford Garage | Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront Source: Utile, Inc.,

Medford, MA

Medford Garage | Existing Site Source: Utile, Inc.

73 spaces

Medford Garage | Garage View: Full Site Source: Utile, Inc.

238 spaces

LOCATION BASED PARKING OCCUPANCY

West Square 570 Parking Spaces

East Square 750 Parking Spaces

Medford Garage | Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront Source: Utile, Inc.,

Medford, MA

West Square

East Square

PEDESTRIAN LEVEL-OF-SERVICE MAXIMUM Pedestrian

Delay

A B C D E F

Seconds Likelihood of Noncompliance

<10 Low

10-20

21-30 Moderate

31-40

41-60 High

>60 Very High

Melrose, MA

Medford, MA

Melrose, MA

Medford, MA

PROPOSED DESIGN NEW DELAY 5-MINUTE WALKING AREA

$7.5 M for 165 spaces

or $1.5 M for 90 spaces and

improved public space

Medford, MA

Source: WMATA May 2002 weekday Metrorail ridership and access data

Arlington’s 5 Stations: 39,500 daily boardings

12.9% Auto (incl. Drop-

off)

73.0%

2.0%

7.5%

3.6%

1.0%

Walk

Metrobus

Bus/Vanpool

Other

Fairfax’s 5 Stations: 29,250 daily boardings

Auto

14.6%

9.3%

4.8%

57.6%

12.0%

1.7% Walk

Metrobus

Other Bus/Vanpool

Auto (incl. drop-off)

Other

No Response/Unknown

10. More Parking ≠ More Ridership

6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

Parking lot fills

Unmanaged parking

Managed parking

TOD Station

Smart Rail Station Parking: Efficiency

0 200 400 600 800

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Boardings Occupied

MBTA Commuter Rail: Park & Ride Stations

Average of 1.9 boardings per parked car

0 200 400 600 800

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Boardings Occupied

MBTA Commuter Rail: Village Settings Average of 4.7 boardings per parked car

0 200 400 600 800

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Boardings Occupied

MBTA Commuter Rail: Downtowns Average of 6.6 boardings per parked car

CHANGE?! NO WAY!

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NELSON\NYGAARD CONSULTING ASSOCIATES © 2013

Lisa Jacobson 77 Franklin St, 10th Floor

Boston, MA 02110 (617) 521-9404

ljacobson@nelsonnygaard.com