Roman ExpansionRoman Expansion

Imperialism…Imperialism…

Peak of the Greek EmpirePeak of the Greek Empire

Rise of RomeRise of Rome Gradually Gradually

extends its extends its rule over the rule over the Italian Italian Peninsula Peninsula over the next over the next century.century.

Roman Republic in 270 B.C.E.Roman Republic in 270 B.C.E. Conflict with Carthage after taking Conflict with Carthage after taking

over Italian Peninsula…over Italian Peninsula…

11stst Punic War Punic War

Carthage v. RomeCarthage v. Rome Fight for SicilyFight for Sicily

Rome builds a navy just to defeat the Rome builds a navy just to defeat the CarthinagiansCarthinagians

War lasts for 20 yearsWar lasts for 20 years Rome winsRome wins

SicilySicily Rome after the 1Rome after the 1stst Punic War; 220 B.C.E. Punic War; 220 B.C.E.

22ndnd Punic War Punic War

Carthage expands into Spain because of the Carthage expands into Spain because of the lose of Sicily.lose of Sicily.

Rome feels that Carthage is too close to its Rome feels that Carthage is too close to its borders.borders.

Hannibal: Carthage sends their best General to Hannibal: Carthage sends their best General to punish Rome.punish Rome. Rome suffers great loss at the hands of Hannibal in Rome suffers great loss at the hands of Hannibal in

the north of Italy.the north of Italy.

Rome invades the City of Carthage forcing Rome invades the City of Carthage forcing Hannibal to retreat.Hannibal to retreat.

Roman conquest of the Mediterranean SeaRoman conquest of the Mediterranean Sea

33rdrd Punic War Punic War

Rome Burns Carthage to the ground to Rome Burns Carthage to the ground to ensure they never threaten the Roman ensure they never threaten the Roman Empire again.Empire again.

150 B.C.E. Rome takes over all of 150 B.C.E. Rome takes over all of Greece.Greece. Romans call the Mediterranean “Our Sea”.Romans call the Mediterranean “Our Sea”.

Rome under Julius CeasarRome under Julius Ceasar

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

Military Hero seizes power and makes Military Hero seizes power and makes drastic reforms.drastic reforms.

Forms the 1Forms the 1stst Triumvirate: when 3 people Triumvirate: when 3 people share power.share power. Pompey, Caesar, CrassusPompey, Caesar, Crassus

Caesar came from the lower class;Caesar came from the lower class; His military victories made him a hero to the His military victories made him a hero to the

poor.poor.

Continued….Continued….

Senate fears that he will try and take Senate fears that he will try and take over.over. Order Caesar to come back to Rome and Order Caesar to come back to Rome and

surrender…. They plan to kill him.surrender…. They plan to kill him.

Fearing death Caesar marches on Rome Fearing death Caesar marches on Rome and seizes control.and seizes control.

Caesar’s ReformsCaesar’s Reforms

Emperor for life… Fall of the Republic but Emperor for life… Fall of the Republic but the Birth of an Empirethe Birth of an Empire

Filled Senate with loyal members.Filled Senate with loyal members. Most served with him in the military.Most served with him in the military.

Gave full citizenship to all in Roman Gave full citizenship to all in Roman territory.territory.

Started new colonies to give land to Started new colonies to give land to Plebeians.Plebeians.

Created jobs; got rid of slaves (not all).Created jobs; got rid of slaves (not all).

““Be ware the Ides of March”Be ware the Ides of March”

Some feared Caesar wanted to become Some feared Caesar wanted to become king…king…

Senators Cassus and Brutus plotted to Senators Cassus and Brutus plotted to assassinate Julius Caesar.assassinate Julius Caesar.

Julius was warned… Julius was warned… “Beware the Ides of “Beware the Ides of March”March” Beware of March 15Beware of March 15thth…… March 15March 15thth, 44 B.C.E. Julius is stabbed to , 44 B.C.E. Julius is stabbed to

death by Senators Cassus and Brutus.death by Senators Cassus and Brutus.

Rome Under Augustus Rome Under Augustus CaesarCaesar

22ndnd Triumvirate: Triumvirate:

Augustus Caesar defeats Antony and Augustus Caesar defeats Antony and Cleopatra and becomes Emperor of Cleopatra and becomes Emperor of Rome.Rome. Another end to the RepublicAnother end to the Republic

Deployment of TroopsDeployment of Troops

Rome at it’s Greatest Rome at it’s Greatest Extent…Extent…