ROLES AND PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURE

Instructor: Sir.Nasir Singhar Submitted by: Rebam Aslam Rahemeen sheikh Nadir Ahmed Maaz Aijaz Hassan Jamil

INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURE

• WHAT IS AGRICULTURE? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating and

farming animals, food and other life forms that are used to sustain life.

Types of Agriculture

• Nomadic Herding

• Shifting Cultivation

• Intensive Subsistence Farming

• Commercial Plantations

• Mediterranean Agriculture

What is crops?

CROPS: Cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such

as grain, vegetables, or fruit, considered as a group.The famous crops of pakistan is wheat, rice,cotton,sugar cane and maize most of the countries importing rice and maize from PAKISTAN.

TYPES OF CROPS

There are two crops season in PAKISTAN namely:

• RABI CROPS

• KHARIF CROPS

CASH CROPS OF PAKISTAN

• The crops which are grown in Pakistan in abundance & earn foreign exchange for the country are called cash crops"

• Cotton• Wheat• Rice • Sugarcane• Fruits and vegetables • Seed oils

1. COTTON

• Pakistan is the fifth largest producer of cotton in the world.

• The third largest exporter of raw cotton.

• Cotton production supports Pakistan’s largest industrial sector

2.WHEAT

• It is the second largest cash crop of pakistan.

• It is essential for food.• It contributed 14.4% to

value added in agriculture.

• Share of wheat is 3% to GDP.

3.RICE• It is the third largest crop

after cotton and wheat.• Highly valued cash crop• Types of rice in Pakistan:• Super Kernal Basmati• Basmati Rice• Long grain rice• White rice• Parboiled rice• Brown rice

4.SUGARCANE

• Sugarcane serves as a major raw material

• It share in value added in agriculture is 3.5%

• Through which we get two types of sugar

I. White sugarII. Brown sugar

5.FRIUTS AND VEGETABLES• Most of the fruits and

vegetables pakistan export to other counties.INDIA,USA,CHINA and SAUDI ARABIA ETC ETC.

• Egg plant,capcicum,potatoes onion and tomatoes is the best production of Pakistan.

• Mango,apple graps,pineapple finely produced by pakistan.

SOILS OF PKAISTAN

14.7

11.4

6.6

5.85.2

30.6

hilly sandy soil

loamy calvey soil

rockop out-crop soil-very shallow

mainly loamy to partly gravely soils

loamy soils

Mountain valley soils

information techonology

business agriculture0

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Series 1

Series 1

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

Problems of Agriculture After the Independence

Of Pakistan

Problems of Farmer’s Living

Given land to farmer

TECHNO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

Limited Cultivable Area

http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/2013/12/bt-cotton-damage-control-and-optimal.html

Water Logging and Salinity

Golden Era of Pakistan

Low Per Hectare Yield

Inadequate Infrastructure

Uneconomic Land Holdings

Old Methods of Production

NATURAL PROBLEMS

Various Plant Diseases

Natural Calamities

Storage of Water

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

Joint Family System

Illiteracy and Ill-health

Political Instability

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS

Lack of Credit

Poor Financial Position of Farmers

Govt must control fertilizers prices:

Comparison

Pakistan Developed Countries

MEASURES TO REMOVE THESE PROBLEMS

• Following measures are suggested to improve the agriculture:

1) Supply of Agriculture CreditPoor farmers cannot afford the expensive

technology from their own resources in Pakistan. So, supply of agriculture credit at easy terms and conditions is very necessary. An amount of Rs. 85,177 million is disbursed by commercial banks in 2009 and Rs. 49 billion was distributed by ZTBL. ZTBL issued credit or Rs. 37.4 billions during 2010-11.

2) Water Logging and Salinity ControlWater logging and salinity destroys about

one million acre of land every year in Punjab and Sindh. It reduces our cultivable area. For this purpose, installation of tube wells, repair of canal banks and drainage of water etc. are needed. The Ministry of Agriculture proposed to invest Rs. 18.5 billion with the objective of converting 2,00,000 acres of irrigated land to drip and shower irrigation system.

3) Construction of DamesSometimes, due to heavy unwanted

rains and floods agricultural productivities destroys. To tackle this problem it is necessary to construct dames and bands on rivers.

4) Provision of HYV SeedHigh yielding variety seed is not available

at suitable price in Pakistan. So, farmers have to depend upon low quality of seeds that causes 20% reduction in total production. Government should provide HYV seed at minimum price in this case.

5) MechanizationFarm mechanization is necessary

to remove the problems to agriculture sector. Sowing, cultivation and harvesting of crops through agricultural machines increase the productive quality and quantity.

6) Agricultural ResearchAgricultural research is compulsory

to remove the backwardness of agriculture sector. Major agricultural colleges and universities are only about 16 in Pakistan. Government should increase the research work in the field of agriculture..

7) Agro-based IndustriesAgro-based industries like poultry,

fisheries, dairy and livestock should establish. These industries indirectly lead to improve the agricultural sector.

8) Tax ConcessionsMechanization is necessary to remove

the problems of agriculture sector. Government should give tax concession on imports of agricultural technologies to enhance the process of farm mechanization.

9) Training of FarmersOur farmers are illiterate and

ill trained so, their efficiencies are poor. Government should start special education programmed for farmers and give them training about farming.

10) Prices of Agricultural ProductivitiesSometimes, our farmers receive low prices of their crops.  There is

no proper effective price policy of government. Government should set reasonable prices of agricultural productions to develop the living standard of farmers.

Being an agrarian country, agricultural sector of Pakistan’s economy is still backward. Use of modern techniques, provision of credit facilities, basic infrastructure and agriculture research facilities are needed to remove all the problems of agriculture sector.

• Being an agrarian country,agricultural sector of PAKISTAN’s economy is still backward.use of modern techniques,provision of credit facilities,basic infrasfucture and agriculture research facilities are needed to remove the all problems of agriculture sectors

CONCLUSION