Post on 01-Dec-2018
93rd Foundation Course
Dr. MCR HRD Institute
Govt. of Telangana
Hyderabad
Role of Community Participation
in Habitat Development
Mandate of AKAH
2
Ensure that people live in physical settings
that are as safe as possible from the
effects of natural disasters and those
who live in conditions at risk are able
to cope through preparedness and
response, with access to social and
financial services that provide opportunities
for a better Quality of Life
HABITAT DEVELOPMENT QUALITY OF LIFE
Guiding Approaches
Sustainability
Youth &
Gender
Professionalism
Knowledge
and Capacity
Sharing
Focus on
Community
needs
When no known
solution exists,
innovate 4
5 5
VALUE PROPOSITION IN HABITAT DEVELOPMENT
Quality of assessments
Quality of awareness and education
Quality of habitat products
Quality of Life
3 main indicators for Quality of Life
6
Happiness – Rural happiness v/s urban
Inclusiveness – Socio-economic, gender, age
Dignity – Personal dignity, family pride and
community empowerment
7
Creating social change in the Built Environment
Participatory
Gender inclusive
Idea generation
Taking ownership
Socio-cultural nuances
Equity
8
Defining Rural Happiness
Habitat safety
Coping capacity
Water and Sanitation
Livelihood opportunities
12
Evolving nature of rural habitat
Disaster resistant
Construction using
local materials
Masons’ training
and capacity building
Beneficiary
Contribution
Improved Quality of Life
Due to
Safe, Secure and Healthy
Habitat
13
Providing an enabling environment
Access to finance
•Linkage with banks for financial access
Access to developmental
support
•Linkage with rural development
agencies
•Networking with other NGOs for
agricultural and infrastructure
issues.
16
EUPEK School Improvement Programme
Kampala, Uganda
“Only when my father-in-
law is not in house do I
bathe with my petticoat
on…and very quickly.
What if someone
comes? I do not bathe
daily; only on alternate
days.”
Privacy
“I have to go early in the
morning or in the night, there
is no other choice. I sit down,
and if someone passes by, I
have to stand up…then sit
down again…it is difficult. Ten
times I stand and sit again. I
feel embarrassed, naturally. At
times I just come back.”
Women’s Voices on Sanitation-1
17
EUPEK School Improvement Programme
Kampala, Uganda
When I had diarrhoea it was painful to walk
the long distances, my clothes got dirty. I
was so fed up, that I sat for the whole day
under a tree instead of coming home each
time. The place was so dirty that I felt like
vomiting but I had no choice.”
Convenience
“I am pregnant, I face a lot of difficulty - I feel
giddy, nauseous and even vomit on the way. I have
to walk slowly and stop frequently to rest when the
pain in my stomach becomes unbearable.”
Women’s Voices on Sanitation-2
AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
18
Safety & Security
“I am scared of going alone. There are several
instances when men rape young girls as they go to
relieve themselves. They become pregnant and
have to undergo an abortion. So, we go together,
sit in different places and keep a watch.” Disability
“ It takes an hour to crawl to the wada and back.
I find it extremely humiliating to be seen
crawling. Often, I go alone and cannot carry
any water with me; I can only clean myself when
I return home. It feels like hell, there is a sense
of anger and I get irritated with my condition.”
AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
19
EUPEK School Improvement Programme
Kampala, Uganda
“I started my labour pains, the birth
attendant gave me an enema, my
stomach swelled and suddenly I had to
run to a nearby courtyard, I could not
run to the wada. I sat there in the
courtyard without water and then ran
home and immediately delivered.”
Dignity
“To bathe we all go tothe ‘tabela’ (cattle
shed) as there is water there. But the
landlord shouts at us, he says the
water is for the cattle not for you all.”
20
Redefining the housing paradigm through a
community perspective
Strengthening community governance and
awareness
Assessing demand and facilitating supply
Ensuring sustainable housing development :
social, environmental, economic
Providing security of tenure
21 21
HABITAT EDUCATION ACTIVITY:
‘Aashiyana’ events are
conducted where
home owners are
motivated to
understand their roles
and responsibilities
towards the upkeep,
maintenance and
improvement of their
physical habitat
‘Abhilasha’ addresses
the elected, nominated
or volunteer members
of the managing
committees in matters
related to legal and
management issues as
well as in matters
related to their
authority and
accountability towards
society members
IMPACT:
These
programmes
create strong
housing society
governance
leading to
improved living
conditions,
longevity of
structures and
improving of
Quality of Life
HIP –Habitat Awareness Program (Aashiyana)
www.akdn.org 22
Aashiyana conducted at
Seismic Zone V, Mundra (urban area)
Aashiyana conducted at
Seismic Zone IV, Chitravad (rural area)
HIP –World Environment Day
www.akdn.org 23
World Environment Day celebrated by
school children in rural Gujarat
Tree plantation drive undertaken by
communities to support Maharashtra
Government's Initiative
Awareness Rally at Maliya Hatina
Drawing competition Maliya-Hatina
New Energy efficient products introduced for the community like LED bulbs, solar heaters etc. Conducted community activities like wall paintings done by society members for Climate change awareness sessions
Community Wall paintings
World Environment Day
Quality of Life
Safety
Resilience
Services
Opportunity
Improve safety of physical settings by pursuing risk reduction
Ensure physical settings are conducive for access to social and financial services
Ensure physical settings are conducive for economic opportunities
Improve individual, community & institutional coping capability
Strategic Framework
26
Safety
Drivers to ensure safety:
Understanding the physical risk of
each habitat
Build and plan in keeping with risk
assessment
Build and retrofit to appropriate
standards of safety
Implement mitigation
measures to natural hazards
Implement multi-hazard early warning systems and risk
anticipation capacity
Create physical settings that promote inclusion
27
28
Hazard Profile of India
Earthquake Cyclone Flood
India 58.6% landmass prone
to Earthquake (Zone V,
IV & III)
8% landmass prone to
Cyclone
12% landmass prone to
Floods
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What does all this mean to urban population?
• Urban dwellers will be forced to cope with rising numbers of
disasters
• As people & assets concentrate in cities, there is more to lose
when hazards strikes
• Disasters are likely to become more severe than before
Need for Safe & Sustainable Urban Habitat Development
30
Assessment of needs : Flood control
Seasonal
flooding and
water logging in
village streets
Community efforts at
disaster risk
reduction and
infrastructure
planning with CSOs
31
Elements of Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Analysis
Risk assessment
Susceptibility Coping
Capacity
Adaptive
Capacity
Exposure
Vulnerability Indicators and Parameter
S
Settlement
inaccessibility
Food insecurity
Distance to administrative
centers
tertiary care
facilities
Dependency ratio
Structural vulnerability
A
School Enrolment
Poverty
Improved Sanitation
Facility
Insurance coverage
Livelihood Diversificati
on
Primary source of livelihood
C
Emergency Equipment
Disaster Preparedness
EWS
Civil Society
Safe Haven &
Emergency shelter
Alternate Clean
drinking water
Commun. system
Access to Stockpile
SUSCEPTIBILITY COPING CAPACITY
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Resilience
Improving community and institutional preparedness
& response capacity
Relocate settlements from unsustainable locations to
safe and viable areas
Create long term resettlement options through land banking
Drivers to ensure resilience:
33
34
• Government the primary stakeholder
• Community an equal partner
Reaching out to communities
in Post-disaster reconstruction projects
Sanitation initiative strategies by AKAH,I
Planning
Implementation
Sustainability
phase
Note: Hygiene promotion will be carried out at every stage mentioned above.
Village wise
Design implementation approach
Panchayat/CBOs/ Swachata Doots
Mass awareness -community mobilisation
Interpersonal communication/ CLTS
Skilled masons
Linkages with Supply chain
Hand holding community for
sustainability
Spot checks/Audits/Community
monitoring
Baseline survey
Open defecation elimination
plan
Grass root capacity
development
Advocacy and
communication
Toilet construction
Follow-up
Maintenance and evaluation
Analysis of what worked
• Entry level community mobilisation and capacity building
of key stakeholders and village resources
Analysis of what worked
• Health hygiene education and behaviour change
activities preceded construction
Analysis of what worked
• Compulsory beneficiary contribution- access to finance
• Effective coordination with government
agencies/schemes for water distribution and availability
Analysis of what worked
• Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) ensures
sustainable model for usage and maintenance
“I grew up in an
environment
where I had to
openly defecate
but I was willing to
construct a
sanitation unit for
my daughters to
safeguard their
dignity”
Site and context specific solutions
Sanitation unit in Kashmir Sanitation unit in southern Gujarat
Sanitation unit in tribal areas of Maharashtra Sanitation unit in coastal areas of Telangana
Proof of concept
Program Geography Duration Target
(HH)
Environment Sanitation Program
(ESP)
Patan and Junagadh -
Gujarat
1995-2000 5500
Multi Sectoral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Program
(MSRRP)
Bhuj- Gujarat 2002-2005 1000
Gujarat Environment Health Improvement
Program
(GEHIP)
Patan and Junagadh -
Gujarat
2001-2005 1400
Environment Health Improvement Program
(EHIP)
Patan and Junagadh -
Gujarat
2007-2009 8800
Andhra Pradesh – from Relief to Development
(APR-2D)
Krishna District -
Andhra Pradesh
2006-2009 432
Coastal Area Development Program (supported
by SRTT, AKRSP, Ambuja Cement, WASMO)
Amreli and Bhavnagar,
Gujarat
2010-2015 3000
AKDN Sanitation Initiative Amreli, Bhavnagar and
Gir Somnath
2015-2019 20000
Rural Health Improvement Program
(RuHIP)
Palghar , Maharashtra 2014- 2017 400
Proof of concept
Studies Undertaken Papers Published Networks and
Advocacy
Key Value
Propositions
Environmental Health
Improvement Project:
Lessons from the field
EHIP – A solution to meet
global challenges
Sanitation: A new way of
life adopted by women in
rural Gujarat
Drivers and Barriers
towards achieving 100%
sanitation
School Sanitation and
Hygiene Education among
Schools: An experience
from Gujarat, India
Water and Sanitation
Management
Organization
(WASMO)
District Rural
Development Agency
(DRDA)
Coastal Salinity
Prevention Cell
(CSPC)
Tata Institute of Social
Sciences (TISS)
Village coverage
approach
Inclusiveness
Gender and Equity
Adhering to cultural
norms
Pro-poor
Technology
adaptation
Sanitation in Rural Gujarat:
Policy Lessons from
Project Implementation
Role of subsidies in
Swachh Bharat Mission
Menstrual Health
Management – An
exploratory study of
adoslecent girls in tribal
areas
Baseline and endline
survey of EHIP
Action research on Bio-
digestor toilets in tribal
areas
Analysis of what failed to work
• Building toilets does not ensure usage.
• Many villages without 100 percent sanitation coverage
declared ODF Target driven approach not sustainable
• Financial subsidies are not the only drivers for change
• Absence of coordination between departments and
schemes for availing benefits
• Delayed disbursements and/or lack of transparency
• Sanitation and waste management technology has not
penetrated to users and owners
• Inadequate awareness, education, communication
• Impact analysis not known
• Water availability not ensured
• Mismatch of baseline survey data
• Extremely poor communities do not have linkages with
bank
Bureaucratic strengths for catalyzing
action
• Power of knowledge from training, experience and
outreach
• Advantage of bureaucratic control and decision making
at various levels of administration esp. at district and
taluka levels
• Well positioned for coordination between various
departments for creating synergy and quality results
• Can inspire fast pace of delivery of results with well-oiled
government machinery
• Establish control and demand accountability of
performance
• Can command network synergy with NGOs, CBOs,
CSOs, CSR etc
Catalyzing effective Social Policy
• Ensuring utilization of modern technology for robust data
management systems for enumeration and evaluation
• Utilise evidence-based learning from other sector players
for shaping social policy
• Appreciate and recognize contextual specificity while
framing social policy
• Multisectoral approach to ensure sustainable results
• Policy should aim at transference of ownership to
communities
• Utilise the strengths and advantages of established
sector specialists to formulate, test and implement
policies
Catalyzing effective Governance
• Strengthen and support grass root level governance
• Devolution of power through authority and accountability
• Establish culture of rapid decision making to prevent
bureaucratic delays
• Be accessible and visible
• Allow flexibility within overall framework where justified
• Provide an effective conduit between state/national
policies and district level implementation
• Continuity and consistency
• Celebrate communities’ successes and empowerment
• Reward, recognize and reconcile to truth
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Significant lessons from previous projects
Community mobilisation
Social education
Motivation
Participatory Rural
Appraisal
Community-led
Activities
Self-help groups
Our vision
Garden Housing Society, Hyderabad. A promoter-driven project under AKAHI’s technical oversight. With 865 units includes all income groups in one project.
To ensure that communities live in sustainable habitats that are
as safe as possible from natural disasters, with the ability to
cope if a disaster occurs, and with adequate access to services
and opportunities, for improved Quality of Life.