Post on 03-Jan-2016
Rocks & The Rock Rocks & The Rock CycleCycle
NotesNotes
The Rock Cycle Notes - AdvancedWrite the definition of a rock:
Rocks - A solid, naturally occurring mineral or mineral-like substance.
Read me: RocksRead me: Rocks vs vs MineralsMineralsROCKS
◦SOLID MIXTURE OF MINERALS
◦MAY BE ORGANIC◦Forms naturally
MINERALS◦NATURALLY FORMED OF
ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS
◦ INORGANIC SOLID◦HAVE CRYSTALS◦NOT MADE OF ROCKS◦HAS A DEFINITE
CHEMICAL MAKEUP
RocksRocks vs vs MineralsMinerals
MINERALS ARE CLASSIFIED BY ◦CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
RocksRocks vs vs MineralsMineralsROCKS ARE
-CLASSIFIED BY HOW THEY ARE FORMED
EACH TYPE OF ROCK IDENTIFIED BY
-COMPOSITION= what minerals the rock is made of.
-TEXTURE=sizes, shapes and positions of grains in the rocks
What rocks are made What rocks are made of…of…
THE COMPOSITION OF ROCKS IS DETERMINED
-BY THE KIND OF MINERALS &
-THE AMOUNT MINERALS THAT MAKE IT UP
TYPES OF ROCKSTYPES OF ROCKS
TYPES OF ROCKS: 1.) IGNEOUS◦SEDIMENTARY◦METAMORPHIC
FORMED WHEN MAGMA or LAVA COOLS AND HARDENS (SOLIDIFIES)
2 TYPES1. INTRUSIVE: inside earth
MAGMA COOLS SLOWLY BENEATH EARTH’S SURFACE
LARGER CRYSTALS COARSE GRAINED (TEXTURE)2. EXTRUSIVE: outside earth’s surface
LAVA COOLS QUICKLY ON THE SURFACE
SMALLER CRYSTALS FINE GRAINED (TEXTURE)
Key Words: ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO IGNEOUS ROCK BY MELTING & COOLING OF ANY ROCK
Examples: Obsidian, GraniteExamples: Obsidian, Granite
KEY WORDS
MELTING and COOLING
2. Sedimentary Rocks-FORMED WHEN ROCKS ARE WEATHERED AND ERODED, (Then) SEDIMENTS get COMPACTed AND CEMENTed into SOLID ROCKs
3 TYPES of Sedimentary rocks:A. ORGANIC: FOSSILIZED REMAINS OF PLANTS OR ANIMALS B. CLASTIC: FRAGMENTS OF OTHER ROCK ARE COMPACTED TOGETHERC. CHEMICAL: SEDIMENTS ARE “GLUED” TOGETHER BY DISSOLVED MINERALS
(write in space at bottom)-TEXTURE IS DETERMINED BY THE
SIZE OF PARTICLES OF SEDIMENT
ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK BY
-WEATHERING, EROSION, & SEDIMENTS COMPACTING & CEMENTING TOGETHER
Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks
KEY WORDS
WEATHERING and EROSION
COMPACTING and CEMENTING
Examples of Sedimentary rocksExamples of Sedimentary rocks
SANDSTONE
LIMESTONE
COAL
CONGLOMERATE
3.METAMORPHIC FORMED WHEN EXISTING ROCK IS CHANGED INTO NEW ROCK BY THE HEATING OF THE ROCK AND PRESSURE FROM OTHER ROCKS
AROUND IT. 2 TYPES of Metamorphic:
A. FOLIATED: CRYSTALS ALIGNED IN LAYERS
B. NON-FOLIATED: CRYSTALS ARRANGED IN RANDOM MANNER
ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO METAMORPHIC ROCK BY HEAT AND PRESSURE
HEAT and PRESSURE
KEY WORDS
Examples of metamorphic rocksExamples of metamorphic rocks
Soap stone Gniess
Rock CycleRock Cycle
THE ROCK CYCLETHE ROCK CYCLEOne of the cycles of nature that continually recycles rocks & materials that make up Earth’s crust
siltstone
slategneiss
limestone
marble
shale
ROCK CYCLEROCK CYCLE
There are many different paths a rock may follow to go through the process of changing from one type of rock to another
THE ROCK CYCLETHE ROCK CYCLE
Slate
(m)
Gneiss
(m)Schist
(m)
Phyllite
(m)
Shale
(s)
Siltstone
(s)
THE ROCK CYCLETHE ROCK CYCLE
Quartzite
(m)
Sandstone
(s)
Granite
(i)
The color of rocks may be different because of the minerals or other substances that make it up.
Breccia Sedimentary
Gneiss Metamorphic
Quartzite Metamorphic
Granite Igneous
1. Extrusive Igneous http://www.kitsch.net/lavawalker/
2. Intrusive igneoushttp://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/Lect3.html
3. Sedimentary scroll down for diagramshttp://www.theapproachinghour.com/earth/earth/the_layers_and_the_internal_structure_of_earth.asp
4. http://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Sedimentary_RocksSandstone
5. Organic...why coal is coolhttp://geology.com/articles/coal-through-a-microscope.shtml
6. Metamorphic rock formationhttp://www.docbrown.info/page21/GeoChangesANS06.htm
http://elearning.stkc.go.th/lms/html/earth_science/LOcanada2/207/1_en.htm