Rh factor & Blood Donation

December 2, 2009

Catalyst Entrance ticket! (collected) Make a table showing blood type, the

antigen associated with that type and the antibody associated with that type

Blood type Antigen Antibody

Blood type

Antigen Antibody

A A BB B AAB AB NoneO None A & B

Really important! So, you know how we say “has antibody for“ Well, it doesn’t have it UNLESS the body comes

in contact with the other antigen. Ex: if you are A, you DONT have antibodies for

B unless B is put into your body. So, at the same time, the B blood has NO A

antibodies. The B blood is NOT in a person, so cant produce antibodies

Aim What differentiates one blood type from

another? Who can donate to who?

Learning Target! I CAN explain what differentiates one blood

type from another

A-G-E-N-D-A- Catalyst Rh factor mini lesson Donation mini lesson Pregnancy and Rh mini lesson Practice what you learned.

In addition to the ABO system, we also have the Rhesus system Rhesus (Rh) system Also called D antigen Developed by Rhesus Macaque, building

off of Landsteiner’s experiment

What is the Rh system Similar to A-B-O system, Rh is just another

antigen Instead of being Type A Rh blood, we give

a positive/negative sign to show presence/absence of Rh.

Those with Rh factor are... + Ex: A+, B+, AB+, O+ Antigen = Rh Antibodies = none for Rh

Those without Rh are... - Ex: A-, B-, AB-, O- Antigen = no Rh Antibody= Anti Rh

So lets add on to that table

Blood type Antigen Antibody

A+ A, Rh B

A- A B, Rh

B+ B, Rh A

B- B A, Rh

AB+ A, B, Rh None

AB- A, B Rh

O+ Rh A, B

O- None A, B, Rh

To determine compatability of donor/recipient... You must test for A, B, and Rh factor. Receive from universal donor or match. How do you match?

Universal donor STOP AND JOT(not collected, but do it.) Which blood type can be received by all

people? Why? Explain using info about antigen &

antibody

Blood Donation (take 2)

Catalyst What blood type is the universal donor? What blood type is the universal recipient?

Aim What differentiates one blood type from

another? Who can donate to who?

Learning Target! I CAN explain what differentiates one blood

type from another

A-G-E-N-D-A- Catalyst Rh factor mini lesson Donation mini lesson Pregnancy and Rh mini lesson Practice what you learned.

To recap from yesterday People that are Rh – have the ability

develop antibodies against Rh+ They don’t develop antibodies against it

unless they come in contact with the blood.

Rh + blood can never be given to someone with Rh- blood

But, Anyone with Rh – blood CAN give blood to someone who is Rh+

Example O+ blood can NOT be given to anyone with

– blood (A-, B-, AB-, O-). If it is, the recipients will develop Rh

antibodies.

match ex if you are A+ who can you receive from? A+, A-, O+, O- If you are A-, who can you receive from? A-, O-

Match ex If you are B+, who can you receive from? B+, B-, O+, O- If you are AB-, who can you receive from? A-, B-, AB-, O-

O- is the universal donor O – has no antigens at all. Your body wont attack it. No place for

antibodies to bind to.

AB+ is universal recipient Can receive from all blood types. Doesn’t have any antibodies.

Donation list Blood type Receive from Give toA+ A+, A- O+, O- A+, AB+

A- A- and O- A- , A+, AB+, AB-

B+ B+, B-, O+, O- B+, AB+

B- B- and O- B+, B-, AB+, AB-

AB+ ALL AB+

AB- A-,B-, AB-, O- AB-, AB+

O+ O+ or O- A+, B+, AB+, O+

O- O- ALL

What if you get the wrong kind? When an antibody reacts with an antigen,

agglutination occurs

Agglutination – the clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody

Agglutination Nobel prize link

Lab day

Catalyst READ LAB SILENTLY!!!! WE WILL TAKE A LAB QUIZ IN 5

MINUTES!!!!

Aim How do we determine blood type?

Agenda Pre lab quiz Modelling Distribution of material lab

Learning targets I CAN describe how whole blood is typed &

identify blood type using scientific tests

What is agglutination? If it clumps, then you are + or – for the

blood type???

Blood Typing Performed using “antiserum” – blood that

contains specific antibodies. Anti-A serum has Anti-A antibodies Anti-B serum has Anti-B antibodies

Blood typing Anti-A and Anti-B blood are each separately

mixed with a drop of sample blood. If agglutination (clumping) occurs, you have

that blood type.

Anti A Serum Anti B Serum Blood TypeAgglutination No

AgglutinationA

No agglutination

Agglutination B

Agglutination Agglutination ABNo Agglutination

No Agglutination

O

Same is true for Rh If you test with Anti Rh Serum

Rh Agglutination Reaction

Rh Factor

Agglutination +No agglutination -

What are the implications for forensics? Quick way to determine blood type.

The lab we’re doing First testing to see if sample found at the

crime scene is blood Second, testing to see what the blood type

of the sample is Third testing to see which suspect has the

same blood type (MATCHES)

PRECAUTIONS Always wear goggles. Fake blood

can stain clothing, must not be placed in mouth.

Be careful not to knock your trays over.

Exit ticket how does forensic serology connect to

forensics? How is blood type useful in a forensic

investigation?

Complete sentences!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Agglutination Could be fatal (lead to death) Double edged sword – If you are Type A and get Type B blood,

your B antibodies attack the B. At the same time, the Type B blood had A

antibodies that will attack your A!

Rh factor in pregnancy If mother and fetus have same Rh factor, all

is good. If mother is Rh+ and fetus is Rh-, all is

good. If mother is Rh- and fetus is Rh+, problems

can occur

Blood doesn’t usually mix btw mother and fetus If some blood mixes, mothers body will

produce Anti Rh antibodies. Not a problem with first pregnancy With second pregnancy, mothers immune

system could attack fetus’ blood. Process called sensitization Mothers body trying to protect itself from

foreign intruder (baby)

What could happen if mothers immune system attacks fetus blood? Fetus could develop a hemolytic disease

(blood disease) Ex- anemia Good news is that it can be prevented from

happening

Graphic organizer time... You guys made such beautiful blood

organizers, I want you to do this again with blood type