RF SURVEYA Site Survey and installation

Submitted To :

Mr. Ankit PatelSubmitted By: Yadav Kiran(020509079)

INTRODUCTIONIt is Collection of database from the Field

(According to the Customer Planned Region that is Nominal Point/ Reference the Area) for checking the feasibility of Cell Site , for deciding Coverage Region of Cell Site & for Deciding the Link/Connectivity with the another Cell Site.

TYPES OF RF SURVEYThere are three types of RF Surveys: Passive Survey Active Survey Predicative SurveyRF Survey can be done by two ways and

that are Blind Survey Nominal Survey

TOOLS USED DURING THE RF SURVEY  

GPS Digital Camera Measuring Tape Map Info Software Magnetic Compass Altimeter

GPSThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is

a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS Receiver.

GPS PICTURE

DIGITAL CAMERADigital Camera is used to take the

pictures of the site and the position nearby , so that the whole area around the site can be analyzed. Pictures taken should be at the distance of 30 degree.

MEASURING TAPE It is used to measure the distance from

one point to other.

COMPASS It is used to analyse the direction, one

end of a compass needle will point to the North Pole.

ALTIMETERIt is used to determine the sea level. The distance of the site from the sea level

is measured by the altimeter.

IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE CHECKED DURING RF SURVEY Type of area- Residential/commercial  Type of Population- Income wise. Any hilly areas or rivers or forest falling

& direction . Type of buildings available . Check for immediate obstructions . Check for coverage objectives

NOMINAL POINTSThis is a reference point given by the

customer for RF Survey work. This may be in any of the following forms:

Latitude and Longitude values. X and Y-Co-ordinates. North/East Co-ordinates. Area Name

TOWERTower is typically a tall structures

designed to support antennas for telecommunication. It is the most important part of the site installation, a tower has three sectors and the orientation is given by the help of the compass, the North is assumed as 0 degree and moving into the clockwise direction the sectors are named as A, B, C.

TYPES OF TOWERSThere are basically five types of towers,

which are mentioned below: Ground Base Tower(GBT). Roof Base Tower(RBT). Pole Mount Tower. Wall Mount Tower. Cow Site Tower.

TRANSMISSIONTo provide the connectivity between two

or more than two sites. Optical Fibre Cable is used VSAT- Satellite connection is used. Microwave Fibre and VSAT are avoided due to the

expenditure and cost.

MICROWAVE CONNECTIVITY

There are several ways to provide the microwave connectivity, some of them are described below:

Light: Laser are used. Balloon or Flags: Used to check the

status of the site. Binoculars: Used to see the distance of

one site from other site.

FACTORS AFFECTING CONNECTIVITY Line Of Site Height of the tree, water tank Chimney

of factory and bricks.The height of the tree is taken in between

10-15 m ideally.The height of the water tank and the

chimney is taken in between 15-18m.

LINE OF SITE(LOS) Area between any two microwave is

called LOS. Distance between any two microwaves

is called Hop Length. The frequency created in between the

two microwaves is called Fresnel zone.

LOS DETERMINING SOFTWARE TOOL

There are different kind of software tools used t determine the LOS and the most commonly used are mentioned below:

RL Tool Path ToolUsing these two tools we can determine

the LOS of the given site.

FACTOR AFFECTING LOS Altimeter sea level(AMSL) Earth Curvature:12.7d1.d2/K Fresnel Zone: 17.3√d1.d2/FD Obstacle Height d1= Distance from tower d2=distance from site K= Clearance factorF=frequencyD=total distance.

MICROWAVE ANTENNA The microwave antennas are round in

shape and they are used to maintain the connectivity between two tower and the diameter used are .2,.4,.6,1.2,1.8,2.4 depending upon the range of the transmission.

Usually .6 diameter is used in the cities and it covers 500m hop Length.

EARTHINGIt is necessary to dig a hole of 5-8m near

the site to provide grounding.There are several methods used to make

a perfect grounding Galvanized Iron Pipes: General form of

GI pipes are used. G I Plates Chemicals: These is not used because it

affect the fertility of the land.

CONCLUSIONThis is the processes used to survey and

install a site.It is a knowledgeable experience while

taking training in Arden Telecom Pvt. Ltd. under the guidance of Mr. Abhishek Chaudhary (Project Manager).

ThankyouTHANK YOU