Rey Ty. (2014 December 09-10). Women in Peacebuilding & Reconstruction. PWRDCC SPMWA & UNESCO.

Inclusion & Mainstreaming of Women in Peacebuilding & Reconstruction:

Lessons from the Field

Rey Ty. (2014). Proceedings of The Palestinian Women’s Research and Documentation Centre Conference, “The Role of Women in Peacebuilding and Reconstruction,” December 9-10, 2014. Sponsored by the

State of Palestine Ministry of Women’s Affairs and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Office (UNESCO). Funded by The Representative Office of Norway to the Palestinian Authority.

Dr. Rey Ty

OutlineI. Introduction

II. Literature Review

III. Methods

IV.Findings

V. Conclusion

Introduction

Problem• Invisibility of Women

Questions1. Conflict in the southern Philippines?

2. Impact on women?

3. Barriers to women’s participation?

4. Roles women play?

5. Case studies?

6. Best practices & lessons learned?

Objectives1. Conflict in Southern Philippines

2. Impact on women

3. Barriers to women’s participation

4. Roles women play

5. Case studies

6. Best practices & lessons learned

Terms1. Conflict management

2. Conflict resolution

3. Conflict transformation

4. Negotiation

5. Peacebuilding

6. Peacemaking

7. Reconciliation

8. Recovery

9. Reconstruction

Literature Review

Gender1. Gender

2. Gender-Based Violence

3. Gender Equity

4. Gender Equality

3 Models of Gender Roles

New Approaches

United Nations Resolutions Mainstream Gender

1. U.N. Resolution 1325 (2000) and the subsequent Resolution 1888 on gender-based violence

2. Resolution 1888 on sexual violence;

3. Resolution 1889 on women in post-conflict reconstruction;

4. Resolution 1960 on sexual violence in conflict;

5. Resolution 2122 on the rule of law and transitional justice

Lessons from Guinea, Liberia, & Sierra Leone

• On U.N. Resolution 1325

1. (1) “Working (better) with what exists: Engage custodians of the customary justice system” (Schoofs, Nagarajan, & Abebe, 2010, p. 5);

2. “Address sexual and gender-based violence: Mobilize communities through change agents” (p. 6);

3. “Economics matters: Address the economic dimension of gender, peace and security” (p. 7); and

4. “From plans to action: Make smart investments in civil society” (p. 8).

Lessons from Nepal1. Safest to go through

existing power structures for social role of women (to avoid retaliation)

2. Inclusion of the poor, powerless, different gender, ages, ethnicities, abilities illiterate & less literate that represent the local community

Lessons from Rwanda• Gender Representation:

The Constitution requires a 30% quota of women in the legislature.

Lessons from Burundi, Colombia, Nepal, & Uganda1. Not vulnerable but

change agents

2. Core in recovery intervention

3. Political advancement

4. Invest in constructive social change

Methodology

Methodology1. Research Design

2. Site Selection

3. Consent Form

4. Comparative Case Studies

5. Data Collection Method

6. Narrative & Discourse Analysis

7. Research Collaborators

Dr. Susana Anayatin• Department of Trade & Industry• Goldin Institute• Teaches graduate peace studies at 2 colleges• Christian Tagalog

Sarah Jane Diang• Muslim

Maguindanao & Ilongga

• Social Work Faculty at a State University, Maguindanao

Anisha Guro• Muslim Meranao• Administrator,

Mindanao State University

• Former National Commission for Culture & the Arts committee member

Fatima “Faith” Kanakan• Muslim Iranun &

Teduray • Executive

Director, Office of Southern Cultural Communities (ARMM)

Noriam Ladjajagais• Muslim Tausug

• Nisa Ul-Haqq (Women for Justice)

• Guidance Coordinator, Basilan National High School

• Part-Time Commissioner, Filipino Language Commission

Dahlia Martin• Muslim Tausug• Bachelor’s &

Master’s in Social Worker

• Works in General Santos City

• From Jolo, Sulu

Sultan Hamidullah

“Pogie” Atar

• Muslim Maranao

• Enthroned Sultan, Lanao

• MPA, MSU Marawi; Rido CEO

Nelson Dino• Muslim Tausug

• “Artivist”

• Former Lecturer, Mindanao State University, Sulu (3 years)

• Worked on MPA & MS Agriculture, Sulu State College

Argie “Arg” Sarco• Muslim Tausug &

Bisaya• Instructor, Basilan

State College• Director, Student

Affairs• Coordinator of

Peace Center

Dr. Alzad “Al” Sattar• Muslim Sama, Yakan, &

Tausug

• Undersecretary for Madrasah Education, Dept Ed-ARMM

• Doctor of Education, Basilan State College

• Cotabato City

• From Basilan

Dr. Rey Ty• Full Disclosure:• I co-construct

knowledge here.• Secular Feminist Bio-

centric Chinese-Filipino male of Buddhist-Christian-Confucian-Taoist heritage.

Findings

Conflict

Where in the World Are You, the Philippines, Mindanao, & Sulu Archipelago?

Conflict

Mindanao

Bangsamoro

Sulu Archipelago

What’s in a Name?

MILF:Kagan, Sangil, Maguindanao,

Maranao, Iranun, etc.

MNLF:Yakan, Sama,

Bajau, Tausug, etc.

Islam: Same Religion

But Different Rebel Groups, Islands, & Ethno-Linguistic

Groups

Moro National Liberation Front

Moro Islamic Liberation Front Peace Agreement

National Democratic Front, Communist Party of the Philippines,

& New People’s Army all over the Philippines, including the Southern Philippines

Independence Movement

• Sulu Sultanate’s Group for Independent Sulu Archipelago

Impact on Women

Role of Women

Negotiation

Meeting with MILF Rebels• Dr. Susana Anayatin, Goldin Institute

Meeting with Combatants• Dr. Susana Anayatin with

Bangsamoro Islamic combatant (left) & the military (right)

Dealing with Conflicts

Sultan Pogie Atar

Reconciliation

Dr. Al Sattar in an Interfaith Gathering with Indigenous,

Muslim, & Christian Women & Men

Gender-Inclusive Interfaith Dialogue

Interfaith DialogueWith Indigenous,

Muslims, & Christians from the Philippines &

U.S. Peers

Interfaith Dialogue

With Indigenous, Muslims, & Christians from the Philippines

Interfaith DialogueWith Indigenous, Muslims, & Christians from the

Philippines & U.S. Peers

Peacebuilding

Dr. Susana Anayatin’s Project

Recovery

Relief Goods• Dr. Alzad Sattar distributed relief goods

with women & men in Bgy Talon-Talon during the Zamboanga siege.

Organizing & Planning

Reconstruction

A time to throw away stones & a

time to build.

A Time to Plant & A Time to Reap

Economic Empowerment: Domesticated Livestock Livelihood

Role of Women in General

Enough Women Involved?

How to Have More Women Involved?

Involve in What Other Areas?

Women & Men Work Together

Gender-Inclusive Indigenous Peoples & Muslims

Conclusion

Note: Remember gender, structural violence, social justice, class,

power relations…

Conclusion• Summary of Lessons Learned &

Best Practices• Implications for Practice & for

Policy

Lessons Learned & Best

Practices from the

• Identify root

causes of

armed conflict

• Develop

solutions

together

Discuss root causes of problems

Summary• Barriers: Do something about

traditional roles — “New Masculinities;” include (don’t exclude) men who need to learn

Summary

• Intersectionality: class, gender, age, generations, literacy, culture, religion, displacement, nature/environment, etc.

Summary• Lessons Learned

1. Class & Power

2. Choice

3. Intentional

4. Don’t stereotype

5. All kinds of violence

6. Not vulnerable but change agents

Access to Formal, Informal, Traditional, & Customary Justice System

Women’s Political Advancement

Women’s Economic

Empowerment

Women in Peacebuilding

Summary• Invite & include women in all

economic/budget/funding, political, cultural, social activities & leadership roles

Summary• Include Women•Education & Training

As long as structural violence—such as mass poverty &

injustice—remains, armed conflict looms

on the horizon.

Thank You!

The End

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International Alert.

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3. Constitution of Rwanda.

4. El Bushra. (2012). Gender in peacebuilding: Taking stock. London: International Alert.

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7. Greene, M. E. & Levack, A. (2010). Synchronizing gender strategies: A cooperative model for improving reproductive health and transforming gender relations. D.C.: Population Reference Bureau.

8. IHRICON and Saferworld. (2011 May). Training of trainers workbook on gender and security for the media and civil society in Nepal. Tool 26: Useful resources on gender and securi-ty for the media and civil society, p. 90, Nepal specific publications on gender and secu-rity. Kathmandu, Nepal: Institute for Human Rights and Communications.

9. International Alert. (2010 September). Changing fortunes: Women’s economic opportunities in post-war northern Uganda. Investing in Peace, Issue No. 3. London: International Alert.

10. International Alert. (2013). Renegotiating the ‘ideal’ society: Gender relations in the wake of conflict and displacement in Uganda. London: International Alert.

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Rey Ty. (2014 December 09-10). Women in Peacebuilding & Reconstruction. PWRDCC SPMWA & UNESCO.

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