Revolution and Revolution and RomanticismRomanticism

Chapters 19 – Chapters 19 – 2020

By: Professor Wylie TidwellBy: Professor Wylie TidwellHUM 250 HUM 250

Westwood CollegeWestwood College

What do you think?What do you think?

http://www.polleverywhere.com/http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/MzA0NjM3MDgxfree_text_polls/MzA0NjM3MDgx

Topics to be discussedTopics to be discussed

I.I. Human RightsHuman Rights

II.II. 1776 American Revolution1776 American Revolution

III.III. NapoleonNapoleon

IV.IV. FreedomFreedom

V.V. Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

VI.VI. HegelHegel

VII.VII.Karl MarxKarl Marx

Human RightsHuman Rights

What are What are ““human Rightshuman Rights””??

List five of the most fundamental human List five of the most fundamental human rights that government should protect or rights that government should protect or secure.secure. How are these connected to the U.S. How are these connected to the U.S.

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

1776 American 1776 American RevolutionRevolution

The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrvpZxMfK

aU

Historical Background on the Constitution of Historical Background on the Constitution of the United States the United States

The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence May 15, 1776 Virginia becomes the first colony to call for May 15, 1776 Virginia becomes the first colony to call for

independence.independence. Richard Henry Lee Richard Henry Lee ““that these United Colonies are, and ought to be, free and that these United Colonies are, and ought to be, free and

independent States, and that all connection between …Great independent States, and that all connection between …Great Britain is, and ought to be, dissolved.Britain is, and ought to be, dissolved.””

This move by Virginia, and other states, brings about the This move by Virginia, and other states, brings about the Declaration of Independence. Declaration of Independence.

NapoleonNapoleon

Born August 15, 1759Born August 15, 1759

Won a scholarship to the French academy at 14.Won a scholarship to the French academy at 14. Started his career in the militaryStarted his career in the military

““I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of birth or of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of birth or wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of religion and restored equality to all regardless of religion and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative was the of the Old Regime because the alternative was the destruction of all this. I purified the Revolution.destruction of all this. I purified the Revolution.””

Napoleon continuedNapoleon continued

argued that he was building a federation of argued that he was building a federation of free peoples in a Europe united under a liberal free peoples in a Europe united under a liberal governmentgovernment Through powerThrough power

ranted constitutions, introduced law codes, ranted constitutions, introduced law codes, abolished feudalism, created efficient abolished feudalism, created efficient governments and fostered education, science, governments and fostered education, science, literature and the arts.literature and the arts.

Napoleon continuedNapoleon continued Code NapoleonCode Napoleon

revision and collection of French law into codesrevision and collection of French law into codes seven in numberseven in number

incorporated some of the freedoms gained by the incorporated some of the freedoms gained by the people of France during the French revolution, people of France during the French revolution, including religious toleration and the abolition of including religious toleration and the abolition of serfdomserfdom

still forms the basis of French civil lawstill forms the basis of French civil law believed in government "for" the people, he believed in government "for" the people, he

rejected government "by" the peoplerejected government "by" the people France was a police state with a vast network of France was a police state with a vast network of

secret police secret police press was controlled by the statepress was controlled by the state impossible to express an opinion without impossible to express an opinion without

Napoleon's approvalNapoleon's approval

FreedomFreedom

What is What is ““freedomfreedom””?? OpinionOpinion

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,590381,00.html

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Changes That Led to the RevolutionChanges That Led to the Revolution1.1. the invention of machines to do the work of the invention of machines to do the work of

hand toolshand tools

2.2. the use of steam, and later of other kinds of the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animalsbeings and of animals

3.3. the adoption of the factory system.the adoption of the factory system.

Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution continuedcontinued

Expanding Commerce Affects IndustryExpanding Commerce Affects Industry The Crusades opened up the riches of the East The Crusades opened up the riches of the East

to Western Europeto Western Europe New world discoveredNew world discovered

HegelHegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) is one of the greatest systematic thinkers in is one of the greatest systematic thinkers in the history of Western philosophy.the history of Western philosophy.

The Philosophy of RightThe Philosophy of Right

Hegel continuedHegel continued

deals with the human world and its array of…deals with the human world and its array of… social rules and institutionssocial rules and institutions

including including morallymorally legallegal religiousreligious economiceconomic political political

MarriageMarriage the familythe family social classes, and other forms of human social classes, and other forms of human

organization.organization.

Karl MarxKarl Marx

Karl Marx (1818–1883)Karl Marx (1818–1883) best known not as a philosopher but as a best known not as a philosopher but as a

revolutionary communistrevolutionary communist works inspired the foundation of many works inspired the foundation of many

communist regimes in the twentieth centurycommunist regimes in the twentieth century

Karl Marx continuedKarl Marx continued

Historical materialismHistorical materialism Marx's theory of historyMarx's theory of history

centered around the idea that forms of society centered around the idea that forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power.the development of human productive power.

sees the historical process as proceeding sees the historical process as proceeding through a necessary series of modes of through a necessary series of modes of production, characterized by class struggle, production, characterized by class struggle, culminating in communismculminating in communism Capitalism would be replaced by communismCapitalism would be replaced by communism

QuizQuiz

““It is indeed a wonderful sensation to see such It is indeed a wonderful sensation to see such an individual who, here concentrated into a an individual who, here concentrated into a single point, reaches out over the world and single point, reaches out over the world and dominates it.dominates it.”” To whom was the philosopher G. To whom was the philosopher G. W. F. Hegel referring here, seeing in this W. F. Hegel referring here, seeing in this individual the embodiment of the World-Spirit? individual the embodiment of the World-Spirit? a)a) George WashingtonGeorge Washington

b)b) Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

c)c) Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

d)d) Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven

QuizQuiz

What was a central argument in Karl MarxWhat was a central argument in Karl Marx’’s s Communist ManifestoCommunist Manifesto? ? a)a) bourgeois society represents the ultimate bourgeois society represents the ultimate

stage of human social developmentstage of human social development

b)b) the proletariat will soon join with factory the proletariat will soon join with factory owners in overthrowing capitalismowners in overthrowing capitalism

c)c) history advances by a dialectical struggle history advances by a dialectical struggle between classesbetween classes

d)d) the future holds little promise of the future holds little promise of technological progresstechnological progress

QuizQuiz

Characterize NapoleonCharacterize Napoleon’’s use of the arts to s use of the arts to legitimize his reign as ruler of post-legitimize his reign as ruler of post-revolutionary France.revolutionary France.

Reaction PaperReaction Paper

Using the Reaction Paper guideline Using the Reaction Paper guideline previously given, please listen to the previously given, please listen to the following Tracks on Volume 2 of your course following Tracks on Volume 2 of your course CD.CD.

Tracks:Tracks:1.1. 11 (Mozart)11 (Mozart)

2.2. 14 (Beethoven Symphony No. 5,1)14 (Beethoven Symphony No. 5,1)