Post on 24-Oct-2021
Research ArticlePower Quality Improvement by Unified Power QualityConditioner Based on CSC Topology Using SynchronousReference Frame Theory
Rajasekaran Dharmalingam1 Subhransu Sekhar Dash2 Karthikrajan Senthilnathan3
Arun Bhaskar Mayilvaganan3 and Subramani Chinnamuthu2
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering RMD Engineering College Chennai India2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM University Chennai India3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Velammal Engineering College Chennai India
Correspondence should be addressed to Karthikrajan Senthilnathan karthiksvkkgmailcom
Received 27 February 2014 Accepted 19 March 2014 Published 11 June 2014
Academic Editors N Barsoum P Vasant and G-W Weber
Copyright copy 2014 Rajasekaran Dharmalingam et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work isproperly cited
This paper deals with the performance of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) based on current source converter (CSC)topology UPQC is used to mitigate the power quality problems like harmonics and sag The shunt and series active filter performsthe simultaneous elimination of current and voltage problems The power fed is linked through common DC link and maintainsconstant real power exchange The DC link is connected through the reactor The real power supply is given by the photovoltaicsystem for the compensation of power quality problemsThe reference current and voltage generation for shunt and series converteris based on phase locked loop and synchronous reference frame theoryThe proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performancefor mitigating the power quality problems
1 Introduction
The main impact in the power distribution system is thequality of power which causes more distortion in the sourcedue to using nonlinear loads (power electronics loads)The main cause for distortion is harmonics notching andinterharmonics Distortion is that the fundamental frequencysine wave is represented as super position of all harmonicfrequency sine waves on fundamental sine wave The usageof power electronics loads is increased day by day whileconsidering that industries power electronics drives are usedfor the automation of the industries To compensate thedistortion in the system passive filters were used and whileusing the passive filters particular harmonic range is onlyeliminated In order to overcome the drawbacks of passivefilter for the elimination of power quality problems activefilters were used
Power quality problems are harmonics sag and swellwhich are mitigated by the active filters by the configurationof dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) distribution-static syn-chronous compensator (D-STATCOM) and unified powerquality conditioner (UPQC) [1] In this paper UPQC [2] isused for the mitigation of the power quality problems whichis the combination of series and shunt active filtersThe seriesand shunt active power filters are voltage and current sourceconverters which are controlled by the PWM signals whichare generated by the controllers
2 Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)
The unified power quality conditioner is commonly calledUPQC The design configuration is based on the connectionof series and shunt inverters In this the design configuration
Hindawi Publishing Corporatione Scientific World JournalVolume 2014 Article ID 391975 7 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552014391975
2 The Scientific World Journal
Vsource
Line parametersAC voltage source
IsourceGatepulse
Vdc
DC link
Pulse
Shuntactive power filter
Seriesactive power filter
21
Seriestransformer
VloadIload
Nonlinear load
g
A
A
g
A
R
L
+
minus
+
minus
++
minus
Figure 1 The design configuration of UPQC-CSC
is right series and left shunt with the current source converter(CSC) [3 4] In this paper UPQC-CSC [5 6] is designed andanalysis of the results has been done Unified power qualityconditioner (UPQC) for nonlinear and voltage sensitive loadhas following facilities
(i) It reduces the harmonics in the supply current so thatit can improve utility current quality for nonlinearloads
(ii) UPQC provides the VAR requirement of the loadso that the supply voltage and current are always inphase therefore no additional power factor correc-tion equipment is required
(iii) UPQC maintains load end voltage at the rated valueeven in the presence of supply voltage sag
The design configuration of UPQC-CSC [7] is shown inFigure 1
3 Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Theory
The control strategy for the unified power quality conditioneris based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) [8 9]theory In this theory controlling of the three-phase convert-ers using the rotating frame theory by converting the sourcevoltage and current to direct and quadrature axis is doneThevoltage is converted to 119889119902 in the series controller and currentis converted to 119889119902 in the series controller Consider
[
[
119881119886
119881119887
119881119862
]
]
= radic2
3
[[[[[[[
[
1
radic2
1
radic2
1
radic2
sin (wt) sin(wt minus 21205873) sin(wt + 2120587
3)
cos (wt) cos(wt minus 21205873) cos(wt + 2120587
3)
]]]]]]]
]
[
[
119881119889
119881119902
1198810
]
]
(1)
The 119889119902 transform is again converted to the 1198811015840119886119887119888
in order toget the reference signal which is used for the generation of thepulse for the three-phase converter in the system Consider
[
[
119881119889
119881119902
1198810
]
]
= radic2
3
[[[[[[[[[
[
1
radic2sin (wt) cos (wt)
1
radic2sin(wt minus 2120587
3) cos(wt minus 2120587
3)
1
radic2sin(wt + 2120587
3) cos(wt + 2120587
3)
]]]]]]]]]
]
[
[
1198811015840
119886
1198811015840
119887
1198811015840
119862
]
]
(2)
The shunt converter performs the process of elimination ofharmonics and series converter performs process of elim-ination of the voltage related problems The control blockdiagram for the synchronous reference frame theory is shownin Figure 2
31 Series Controller The control strategy of the series con-troller is achieved through the synchronous reference frametheory In this the series controller gets the reference signalfor the generation of pulse for the three-phase converter bycomparing the source voltage with distortion and constantvoltage The source voltage 119881
119904 119886119887119888and constant voltage 119881ref 119886119887119888
are converted to the 119881119904 1198891199020
and 119881ref 1198891199020 transform The 119881119904 1198891199020
and 119881ref 1198891199020 are compared to get the error signal which isagain converted to 1198811015840
119897119886119887119888 The 1198811015840
119897119886119887119888is the reference signal for
the pulse generatorThe simulation diagram for synchronousreference frame theory based series controller is shown inFigure 3
32 Shunt Controller Theshunt converter has the function ofcompensating the current related problems Along with theshunt controller DC link voltage is maintained The 119886119887119888 to1198891199020 transform is inversed and converted to 119886119887119888 that signal isgiven as the reference signal and the measured signal is givento the hysteresis band PWM to produce the pulse signals forthe operation of shunt converter The simulation diagram forshunt controller is shown in Figure 4
The Scientific World Journal 3
isa
isb
isc
is0
isq
isd
isbisa isc
E
E
E
wt
wt
wt
wt
VIaVIb VIc
PLL
A
B
C
G1G2
G3
G5
G4
G6
G1
G2
G3
G5
G4
G6
PWM
APF
PWM
APF
Shunt
Series
LPF
band
Tminus1
Tminus1
T
T
T
Tminus1
Tminus1
0
d
q
isd
998400
PII
dloss
+
+
+
minus
VsaVs0
Vsd
Vsq
Vsb
Vsc
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
VDC
VDC
i998400sd
i998400s0
i998400sd
i998400sq
i998400s0 = 0
i998400sq = 0
V998400la
V998400lb
V998400lc
Vs0
Vsd
Vsq
Hysteresis
bandHysteresis
Figure 2 Control block diagram
1
3
2
Alowast
Blowast
Clowast
dq0abc
+
+
minus
+minus
abcdq0
1
3
2
A
B
C
4(pu)Vs
Si CoVabc
(pu) Si CoVabc
Vabc
3-phase PLL1
a
cb
A
BN
C
A
B
C
Iabc
PLL
Three-phaseprogrammablevoltage source
Three-phaseV-I measurement
3-phase PLL2
dq0abc
Id Iq
Sin cos
Sin cos
Sin cos
Figure 3 Simulation of synchronous reference frame theory based series controller
4 The Scientific World Journal
FreqSin cos
PLLwt
abc abc
Sin cosSin cosdq0
dq0
= 50Hz
= 50Hz
4
1
2
3
A
B
C
1
2
3
Vdc
Alowast
Blowast
Clowast
Terminator 1
Terminator
++
F0
F0
Id Iq
Figure 4 Simulation of shunt controller
1
+
minus
+minus
2
V
730
Constant 1
Vdc
Goto3DiscretePI controller 1
PI
Solar
Voltage measurement Scope 9
+
Con
n2C
onn1
Figure 5 DC link controller
33 DC Link Controller The direct current link controllerhas the PI controller in which the constant voltage is givenas the set point and the measured voltage is given for thecomparison to maintain the constant voltage The PV arrayis attached with the DC link for injection The DC linkcontroller is shown in Figure 5
4 Simulation and Results
The UPQC-CSC has the reactor as the DC link for the seriesand shunt converter and is controlled by the synchronousreference frame (SRF) theory and the pulse is generated bythe hysteresis band controllerThe shunt and series convertershave the function of compensating current and voltage prob-lems respectively The simulation of UPQC-CSC is shownin Figure 6 The output of UPQC-CSC is shown in Figure 7which shows the voltage with sag current with harmonicsand compensated voltage and current The compensation ofsag is shown in Figure 8 The shunt compensation is shownin Figure 9 The series compensation is shown in Figure 10
41 System Parameters Consider
source voltage 415V 50Hzload parameters
resistive load 10 KΩinductive load 2mHRLC load 10 KW
shunt inverter side
LC filter 35mH 5Ω and 10 120583F
series inverter side
LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F
DC link reactor
for UPQC-CSC 200mHsolar voltage 7271 V
Figure 7 shows the simulation output of the UPQC-CSCsimulation for voltage sag mitigationThe sudden addition ofload in the system causes voltage sag for the time duration of004 to 008 s The compensation for the sag is by the seriesactive filter using the SRF theory for the reference signalgenerated and pulse generated by the hysteresis band andgiven to the IGBTs in the filter
The compensation of the voltage related problems is doneby the series active filter to maintain the system voltage 1
The Scientific World Journal 5
A
B
C
A B CA
B
C
ABC
ABC
ABC
A
B
C
A B C
Three-phaseseries RLC branch
Discrete
Powergui
Sag generator
Vs
Three-phaseV-Imeasurement 2
A1
A2
B2
C2
B1
C1
Shunt filter
Shunt-controller
Series_controller
DC controller
Series inverter
Vm888
A2+
B2+
C2+
A1
A1
B1
C1
B1
C1
A1+
B1+
C1+
Filter
+ minus
minus
+
minus
+
minus
g
g
A
B
C
g
g
Nonlinear load
Ts = 5e minus 006 s
Figure 6 UPQC-CSC simulation diagram
PU By using the SRF theory even a minor disturbance inthe system is sensed and compensation is done Figure 10shows the series compensation for the systemThe harmonicscompensation is done by the shunt active filter along with theDC link voltage controller Total harmonics distortion (THD)for the current source converter is shown in Table 1 Figure 9shows the compensation given for reducing the harmonics
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the sourcevoltage THD of about 089 is shown in Figure 11
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadvoltage with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 045is shown in Figure 12
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadcurrent with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 017is shown in Figure 13
5 Conclusion
In this paper synchronous reference frame theory basedcontrol method is implemented to control the working ofunified power quality conditioner based on current source
Table 1 Total harmonics distortion (THD in )
Current source converter
Hn orderSourcevoltage(119881119904) in
Loadvoltage(119881119871) in
Loadcurrent(119868119871) in
H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017
converter topology The simulation results show that thedevice is capable of compensating the current harmonicsunder unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions simul-taneously mitigating voltage sag and swell The proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performance for mitigating
6 The Scientific World Journal
0515
minus15minus05
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
10
0
minus10
200
minus20
I s(A
)VI
I loa
d(A
)
Current at PCC before compensation
Voltage at load after compensation
Current at load
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
1505
minus05minus15
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Vs
Voltage at PCC before compensation
Sag at PCC
Time (s)
PU
PU
Figure 7 Output of source voltage and current and load voltage andcurrent waveform
15
05minus05minus15
15
05
minus05
minus15
020
minus02minus04
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Voltage before compensation
Compensating voltage
Voltage after compensation
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Volta
ge
Volta
ge P
U
PU
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 8 PCC voltage with sag compensating voltage and voltageafter compensation
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Curr
ent (
A)
2520151050
minus5minus10minus15minus20minus25
Shunt compensation
Figure 9 Shunt injection for THD compensation
0250201501005
0minus005
minus015minus01
minus02minus025
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Series compensation-mitigation of sag
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 10 Series injection for sag compensation
08070605040302010
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysis
Mag
( o
f
Fundamental (50Hz) = 0975 8 THD = 089
fund
amen
tal)
Figure 11 Source voltage THD graph
008007006005004
002001
003
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz)=09998 THD = 045
Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 12 Load voltage THD graph
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz) = 1757 THD = 017
008007006005004
002001
003
0Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 13 Load current THD graph
The Scientific World Journal 7
the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
References
[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012
[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011
[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013
[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012
[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011
[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011
[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004
[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010
[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010
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2 The Scientific World Journal
Vsource
Line parametersAC voltage source
IsourceGatepulse
Vdc
DC link
Pulse
Shuntactive power filter
Seriesactive power filter
21
Seriestransformer
VloadIload
Nonlinear load
g
A
A
g
A
R
L
+
minus
+
minus
++
minus
Figure 1 The design configuration of UPQC-CSC
is right series and left shunt with the current source converter(CSC) [3 4] In this paper UPQC-CSC [5 6] is designed andanalysis of the results has been done Unified power qualityconditioner (UPQC) for nonlinear and voltage sensitive loadhas following facilities
(i) It reduces the harmonics in the supply current so thatit can improve utility current quality for nonlinearloads
(ii) UPQC provides the VAR requirement of the loadso that the supply voltage and current are always inphase therefore no additional power factor correc-tion equipment is required
(iii) UPQC maintains load end voltage at the rated valueeven in the presence of supply voltage sag
The design configuration of UPQC-CSC [7] is shown inFigure 1
3 Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Theory
The control strategy for the unified power quality conditioneris based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) [8 9]theory In this theory controlling of the three-phase convert-ers using the rotating frame theory by converting the sourcevoltage and current to direct and quadrature axis is doneThevoltage is converted to 119889119902 in the series controller and currentis converted to 119889119902 in the series controller Consider
[
[
119881119886
119881119887
119881119862
]
]
= radic2
3
[[[[[[[
[
1
radic2
1
radic2
1
radic2
sin (wt) sin(wt minus 21205873) sin(wt + 2120587
3)
cos (wt) cos(wt minus 21205873) cos(wt + 2120587
3)
]]]]]]]
]
[
[
119881119889
119881119902
1198810
]
]
(1)
The 119889119902 transform is again converted to the 1198811015840119886119887119888
in order toget the reference signal which is used for the generation of thepulse for the three-phase converter in the system Consider
[
[
119881119889
119881119902
1198810
]
]
= radic2
3
[[[[[[[[[
[
1
radic2sin (wt) cos (wt)
1
radic2sin(wt minus 2120587
3) cos(wt minus 2120587
3)
1
radic2sin(wt + 2120587
3) cos(wt + 2120587
3)
]]]]]]]]]
]
[
[
1198811015840
119886
1198811015840
119887
1198811015840
119862
]
]
(2)
The shunt converter performs the process of elimination ofharmonics and series converter performs process of elim-ination of the voltage related problems The control blockdiagram for the synchronous reference frame theory is shownin Figure 2
31 Series Controller The control strategy of the series con-troller is achieved through the synchronous reference frametheory In this the series controller gets the reference signalfor the generation of pulse for the three-phase converter bycomparing the source voltage with distortion and constantvoltage The source voltage 119881
119904 119886119887119888and constant voltage 119881ref 119886119887119888
are converted to the 119881119904 1198891199020
and 119881ref 1198891199020 transform The 119881119904 1198891199020
and 119881ref 1198891199020 are compared to get the error signal which isagain converted to 1198811015840
119897119886119887119888 The 1198811015840
119897119886119887119888is the reference signal for
the pulse generatorThe simulation diagram for synchronousreference frame theory based series controller is shown inFigure 3
32 Shunt Controller Theshunt converter has the function ofcompensating the current related problems Along with theshunt controller DC link voltage is maintained The 119886119887119888 to1198891199020 transform is inversed and converted to 119886119887119888 that signal isgiven as the reference signal and the measured signal is givento the hysteresis band PWM to produce the pulse signals forthe operation of shunt converter The simulation diagram forshunt controller is shown in Figure 4
The Scientific World Journal 3
isa
isb
isc
is0
isq
isd
isbisa isc
E
E
E
wt
wt
wt
wt
VIaVIb VIc
PLL
A
B
C
G1G2
G3
G5
G4
G6
G1
G2
G3
G5
G4
G6
PWM
APF
PWM
APF
Shunt
Series
LPF
band
Tminus1
Tminus1
T
T
T
Tminus1
Tminus1
0
d
q
isd
998400
PII
dloss
+
+
+
minus
VsaVs0
Vsd
Vsq
Vsb
Vsc
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
VDC
VDC
i998400sd
i998400s0
i998400sd
i998400sq
i998400s0 = 0
i998400sq = 0
V998400la
V998400lb
V998400lc
Vs0
Vsd
Vsq
Hysteresis
bandHysteresis
Figure 2 Control block diagram
1
3
2
Alowast
Blowast
Clowast
dq0abc
+
+
minus
+minus
abcdq0
1
3
2
A
B
C
4(pu)Vs
Si CoVabc
(pu) Si CoVabc
Vabc
3-phase PLL1
a
cb
A
BN
C
A
B
C
Iabc
PLL
Three-phaseprogrammablevoltage source
Three-phaseV-I measurement
3-phase PLL2
dq0abc
Id Iq
Sin cos
Sin cos
Sin cos
Figure 3 Simulation of synchronous reference frame theory based series controller
4 The Scientific World Journal
FreqSin cos
PLLwt
abc abc
Sin cosSin cosdq0
dq0
= 50Hz
= 50Hz
4
1
2
3
A
B
C
1
2
3
Vdc
Alowast
Blowast
Clowast
Terminator 1
Terminator
++
F0
F0
Id Iq
Figure 4 Simulation of shunt controller
1
+
minus
+minus
2
V
730
Constant 1
Vdc
Goto3DiscretePI controller 1
PI
Solar
Voltage measurement Scope 9
+
Con
n2C
onn1
Figure 5 DC link controller
33 DC Link Controller The direct current link controllerhas the PI controller in which the constant voltage is givenas the set point and the measured voltage is given for thecomparison to maintain the constant voltage The PV arrayis attached with the DC link for injection The DC linkcontroller is shown in Figure 5
4 Simulation and Results
The UPQC-CSC has the reactor as the DC link for the seriesand shunt converter and is controlled by the synchronousreference frame (SRF) theory and the pulse is generated bythe hysteresis band controllerThe shunt and series convertershave the function of compensating current and voltage prob-lems respectively The simulation of UPQC-CSC is shownin Figure 6 The output of UPQC-CSC is shown in Figure 7which shows the voltage with sag current with harmonicsand compensated voltage and current The compensation ofsag is shown in Figure 8 The shunt compensation is shownin Figure 9 The series compensation is shown in Figure 10
41 System Parameters Consider
source voltage 415V 50Hzload parameters
resistive load 10 KΩinductive load 2mHRLC load 10 KW
shunt inverter side
LC filter 35mH 5Ω and 10 120583F
series inverter side
LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F
DC link reactor
for UPQC-CSC 200mHsolar voltage 7271 V
Figure 7 shows the simulation output of the UPQC-CSCsimulation for voltage sag mitigationThe sudden addition ofload in the system causes voltage sag for the time duration of004 to 008 s The compensation for the sag is by the seriesactive filter using the SRF theory for the reference signalgenerated and pulse generated by the hysteresis band andgiven to the IGBTs in the filter
The compensation of the voltage related problems is doneby the series active filter to maintain the system voltage 1
The Scientific World Journal 5
A
B
C
A B CA
B
C
ABC
ABC
ABC
A
B
C
A B C
Three-phaseseries RLC branch
Discrete
Powergui
Sag generator
Vs
Three-phaseV-Imeasurement 2
A1
A2
B2
C2
B1
C1
Shunt filter
Shunt-controller
Series_controller
DC controller
Series inverter
Vm888
A2+
B2+
C2+
A1
A1
B1
C1
B1
C1
A1+
B1+
C1+
Filter
+ minus
minus
+
minus
+
minus
g
g
A
B
C
g
g
Nonlinear load
Ts = 5e minus 006 s
Figure 6 UPQC-CSC simulation diagram
PU By using the SRF theory even a minor disturbance inthe system is sensed and compensation is done Figure 10shows the series compensation for the systemThe harmonicscompensation is done by the shunt active filter along with theDC link voltage controller Total harmonics distortion (THD)for the current source converter is shown in Table 1 Figure 9shows the compensation given for reducing the harmonics
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the sourcevoltage THD of about 089 is shown in Figure 11
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadvoltage with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 045is shown in Figure 12
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadcurrent with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 017is shown in Figure 13
5 Conclusion
In this paper synchronous reference frame theory basedcontrol method is implemented to control the working ofunified power quality conditioner based on current source
Table 1 Total harmonics distortion (THD in )
Current source converter
Hn orderSourcevoltage(119881119904) in
Loadvoltage(119881119871) in
Loadcurrent(119868119871) in
H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017
converter topology The simulation results show that thedevice is capable of compensating the current harmonicsunder unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions simul-taneously mitigating voltage sag and swell The proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performance for mitigating
6 The Scientific World Journal
0515
minus15minus05
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
10
0
minus10
200
minus20
I s(A
)VI
I loa
d(A
)
Current at PCC before compensation
Voltage at load after compensation
Current at load
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
1505
minus05minus15
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Vs
Voltage at PCC before compensation
Sag at PCC
Time (s)
PU
PU
Figure 7 Output of source voltage and current and load voltage andcurrent waveform
15
05minus05minus15
15
05
minus05
minus15
020
minus02minus04
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Voltage before compensation
Compensating voltage
Voltage after compensation
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Volta
ge
Volta
ge P
U
PU
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 8 PCC voltage with sag compensating voltage and voltageafter compensation
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Curr
ent (
A)
2520151050
minus5minus10minus15minus20minus25
Shunt compensation
Figure 9 Shunt injection for THD compensation
0250201501005
0minus005
minus015minus01
minus02minus025
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Series compensation-mitigation of sag
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 10 Series injection for sag compensation
08070605040302010
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysis
Mag
( o
f
Fundamental (50Hz) = 0975 8 THD = 089
fund
amen
tal)
Figure 11 Source voltage THD graph
008007006005004
002001
003
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz)=09998 THD = 045
Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 12 Load voltage THD graph
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz) = 1757 THD = 017
008007006005004
002001
003
0Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 13 Load current THD graph
The Scientific World Journal 7
the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
References
[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012
[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011
[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013
[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012
[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011
[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011
[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004
[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010
[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Computer Games Technology
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Distributed Sensor Networks
International Journal of
Advances in
FuzzySystems
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
International Journal of
ReconfigurableComputing
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
thinspAdvancesthinspinthinsp
Artificial Intelligence
HindawithinspPublishingthinspCorporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volumethinsp2014
Advances inSoftware EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Journal of
Computer Networks and Communications
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Multimedia
International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ArtificialNeural Systems
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Industrial EngineeringJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Human-ComputerInteraction
Advances in
Computer EngineeringAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World Journal 3
isa
isb
isc
is0
isq
isd
isbisa isc
E
E
E
wt
wt
wt
wt
VIaVIb VIc
PLL
A
B
C
G1G2
G3
G5
G4
G6
G1
G2
G3
G5
G4
G6
PWM
APF
PWM
APF
Shunt
Series
LPF
band
Tminus1
Tminus1
T
T
T
Tminus1
Tminus1
0
d
q
isd
998400
PII
dloss
+
+
+
minus
VsaVs0
Vsd
Vsq
Vsb
Vsc
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
VDC
VDC
i998400sd
i998400s0
i998400sd
i998400sq
i998400s0 = 0
i998400sq = 0
V998400la
V998400lb
V998400lc
Vs0
Vsd
Vsq
Hysteresis
bandHysteresis
Figure 2 Control block diagram
1
3
2
Alowast
Blowast
Clowast
dq0abc
+
+
minus
+minus
abcdq0
1
3
2
A
B
C
4(pu)Vs
Si CoVabc
(pu) Si CoVabc
Vabc
3-phase PLL1
a
cb
A
BN
C
A
B
C
Iabc
PLL
Three-phaseprogrammablevoltage source
Three-phaseV-I measurement
3-phase PLL2
dq0abc
Id Iq
Sin cos
Sin cos
Sin cos
Figure 3 Simulation of synchronous reference frame theory based series controller
4 The Scientific World Journal
FreqSin cos
PLLwt
abc abc
Sin cosSin cosdq0
dq0
= 50Hz
= 50Hz
4
1
2
3
A
B
C
1
2
3
Vdc
Alowast
Blowast
Clowast
Terminator 1
Terminator
++
F0
F0
Id Iq
Figure 4 Simulation of shunt controller
1
+
minus
+minus
2
V
730
Constant 1
Vdc
Goto3DiscretePI controller 1
PI
Solar
Voltage measurement Scope 9
+
Con
n2C
onn1
Figure 5 DC link controller
33 DC Link Controller The direct current link controllerhas the PI controller in which the constant voltage is givenas the set point and the measured voltage is given for thecomparison to maintain the constant voltage The PV arrayis attached with the DC link for injection The DC linkcontroller is shown in Figure 5
4 Simulation and Results
The UPQC-CSC has the reactor as the DC link for the seriesand shunt converter and is controlled by the synchronousreference frame (SRF) theory and the pulse is generated bythe hysteresis band controllerThe shunt and series convertershave the function of compensating current and voltage prob-lems respectively The simulation of UPQC-CSC is shownin Figure 6 The output of UPQC-CSC is shown in Figure 7which shows the voltage with sag current with harmonicsand compensated voltage and current The compensation ofsag is shown in Figure 8 The shunt compensation is shownin Figure 9 The series compensation is shown in Figure 10
41 System Parameters Consider
source voltage 415V 50Hzload parameters
resistive load 10 KΩinductive load 2mHRLC load 10 KW
shunt inverter side
LC filter 35mH 5Ω and 10 120583F
series inverter side
LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F
DC link reactor
for UPQC-CSC 200mHsolar voltage 7271 V
Figure 7 shows the simulation output of the UPQC-CSCsimulation for voltage sag mitigationThe sudden addition ofload in the system causes voltage sag for the time duration of004 to 008 s The compensation for the sag is by the seriesactive filter using the SRF theory for the reference signalgenerated and pulse generated by the hysteresis band andgiven to the IGBTs in the filter
The compensation of the voltage related problems is doneby the series active filter to maintain the system voltage 1
The Scientific World Journal 5
A
B
C
A B CA
B
C
ABC
ABC
ABC
A
B
C
A B C
Three-phaseseries RLC branch
Discrete
Powergui
Sag generator
Vs
Three-phaseV-Imeasurement 2
A1
A2
B2
C2
B1
C1
Shunt filter
Shunt-controller
Series_controller
DC controller
Series inverter
Vm888
A2+
B2+
C2+
A1
A1
B1
C1
B1
C1
A1+
B1+
C1+
Filter
+ minus
minus
+
minus
+
minus
g
g
A
B
C
g
g
Nonlinear load
Ts = 5e minus 006 s
Figure 6 UPQC-CSC simulation diagram
PU By using the SRF theory even a minor disturbance inthe system is sensed and compensation is done Figure 10shows the series compensation for the systemThe harmonicscompensation is done by the shunt active filter along with theDC link voltage controller Total harmonics distortion (THD)for the current source converter is shown in Table 1 Figure 9shows the compensation given for reducing the harmonics
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the sourcevoltage THD of about 089 is shown in Figure 11
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadvoltage with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 045is shown in Figure 12
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadcurrent with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 017is shown in Figure 13
5 Conclusion
In this paper synchronous reference frame theory basedcontrol method is implemented to control the working ofunified power quality conditioner based on current source
Table 1 Total harmonics distortion (THD in )
Current source converter
Hn orderSourcevoltage(119881119904) in
Loadvoltage(119881119871) in
Loadcurrent(119868119871) in
H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017
converter topology The simulation results show that thedevice is capable of compensating the current harmonicsunder unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions simul-taneously mitigating voltage sag and swell The proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performance for mitigating
6 The Scientific World Journal
0515
minus15minus05
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
10
0
minus10
200
minus20
I s(A
)VI
I loa
d(A
)
Current at PCC before compensation
Voltage at load after compensation
Current at load
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
1505
minus05minus15
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Vs
Voltage at PCC before compensation
Sag at PCC
Time (s)
PU
PU
Figure 7 Output of source voltage and current and load voltage andcurrent waveform
15
05minus05minus15
15
05
minus05
minus15
020
minus02minus04
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Voltage before compensation
Compensating voltage
Voltage after compensation
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Volta
ge
Volta
ge P
U
PU
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 8 PCC voltage with sag compensating voltage and voltageafter compensation
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Curr
ent (
A)
2520151050
minus5minus10minus15minus20minus25
Shunt compensation
Figure 9 Shunt injection for THD compensation
0250201501005
0minus005
minus015minus01
minus02minus025
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Series compensation-mitigation of sag
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 10 Series injection for sag compensation
08070605040302010
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysis
Mag
( o
f
Fundamental (50Hz) = 0975 8 THD = 089
fund
amen
tal)
Figure 11 Source voltage THD graph
008007006005004
002001
003
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz)=09998 THD = 045
Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 12 Load voltage THD graph
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz) = 1757 THD = 017
008007006005004
002001
003
0Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 13 Load current THD graph
The Scientific World Journal 7
the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
References
[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012
[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011
[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013
[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012
[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011
[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011
[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004
[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010
[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Computer Games Technology
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Distributed Sensor Networks
International Journal of
Advances in
FuzzySystems
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
International Journal of
ReconfigurableComputing
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
thinspAdvancesthinspinthinsp
Artificial Intelligence
HindawithinspPublishingthinspCorporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volumethinsp2014
Advances inSoftware EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Journal of
Computer Networks and Communications
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Multimedia
International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ArtificialNeural Systems
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Industrial EngineeringJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Human-ComputerInteraction
Advances in
Computer EngineeringAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
4 The Scientific World Journal
FreqSin cos
PLLwt
abc abc
Sin cosSin cosdq0
dq0
= 50Hz
= 50Hz
4
1
2
3
A
B
C
1
2
3
Vdc
Alowast
Blowast
Clowast
Terminator 1
Terminator
++
F0
F0
Id Iq
Figure 4 Simulation of shunt controller
1
+
minus
+minus
2
V
730
Constant 1
Vdc
Goto3DiscretePI controller 1
PI
Solar
Voltage measurement Scope 9
+
Con
n2C
onn1
Figure 5 DC link controller
33 DC Link Controller The direct current link controllerhas the PI controller in which the constant voltage is givenas the set point and the measured voltage is given for thecomparison to maintain the constant voltage The PV arrayis attached with the DC link for injection The DC linkcontroller is shown in Figure 5
4 Simulation and Results
The UPQC-CSC has the reactor as the DC link for the seriesand shunt converter and is controlled by the synchronousreference frame (SRF) theory and the pulse is generated bythe hysteresis band controllerThe shunt and series convertershave the function of compensating current and voltage prob-lems respectively The simulation of UPQC-CSC is shownin Figure 6 The output of UPQC-CSC is shown in Figure 7which shows the voltage with sag current with harmonicsand compensated voltage and current The compensation ofsag is shown in Figure 8 The shunt compensation is shownin Figure 9 The series compensation is shown in Figure 10
41 System Parameters Consider
source voltage 415V 50Hzload parameters
resistive load 10 KΩinductive load 2mHRLC load 10 KW
shunt inverter side
LC filter 35mH 5Ω and 10 120583F
series inverter side
LC filter 12 120583H 5Ω and 10 120583F
DC link reactor
for UPQC-CSC 200mHsolar voltage 7271 V
Figure 7 shows the simulation output of the UPQC-CSCsimulation for voltage sag mitigationThe sudden addition ofload in the system causes voltage sag for the time duration of004 to 008 s The compensation for the sag is by the seriesactive filter using the SRF theory for the reference signalgenerated and pulse generated by the hysteresis band andgiven to the IGBTs in the filter
The compensation of the voltage related problems is doneby the series active filter to maintain the system voltage 1
The Scientific World Journal 5
A
B
C
A B CA
B
C
ABC
ABC
ABC
A
B
C
A B C
Three-phaseseries RLC branch
Discrete
Powergui
Sag generator
Vs
Three-phaseV-Imeasurement 2
A1
A2
B2
C2
B1
C1
Shunt filter
Shunt-controller
Series_controller
DC controller
Series inverter
Vm888
A2+
B2+
C2+
A1
A1
B1
C1
B1
C1
A1+
B1+
C1+
Filter
+ minus
minus
+
minus
+
minus
g
g
A
B
C
g
g
Nonlinear load
Ts = 5e minus 006 s
Figure 6 UPQC-CSC simulation diagram
PU By using the SRF theory even a minor disturbance inthe system is sensed and compensation is done Figure 10shows the series compensation for the systemThe harmonicscompensation is done by the shunt active filter along with theDC link voltage controller Total harmonics distortion (THD)for the current source converter is shown in Table 1 Figure 9shows the compensation given for reducing the harmonics
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the sourcevoltage THD of about 089 is shown in Figure 11
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadvoltage with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 045is shown in Figure 12
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadcurrent with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 017is shown in Figure 13
5 Conclusion
In this paper synchronous reference frame theory basedcontrol method is implemented to control the working ofunified power quality conditioner based on current source
Table 1 Total harmonics distortion (THD in )
Current source converter
Hn orderSourcevoltage(119881119904) in
Loadvoltage(119881119871) in
Loadcurrent(119868119871) in
H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017
converter topology The simulation results show that thedevice is capable of compensating the current harmonicsunder unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions simul-taneously mitigating voltage sag and swell The proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performance for mitigating
6 The Scientific World Journal
0515
minus15minus05
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
10
0
minus10
200
minus20
I s(A
)VI
I loa
d(A
)
Current at PCC before compensation
Voltage at load after compensation
Current at load
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
1505
minus05minus15
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Vs
Voltage at PCC before compensation
Sag at PCC
Time (s)
PU
PU
Figure 7 Output of source voltage and current and load voltage andcurrent waveform
15
05minus05minus15
15
05
minus05
minus15
020
minus02minus04
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Voltage before compensation
Compensating voltage
Voltage after compensation
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Volta
ge
Volta
ge P
U
PU
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 8 PCC voltage with sag compensating voltage and voltageafter compensation
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Curr
ent (
A)
2520151050
minus5minus10minus15minus20minus25
Shunt compensation
Figure 9 Shunt injection for THD compensation
0250201501005
0minus005
minus015minus01
minus02minus025
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Series compensation-mitigation of sag
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 10 Series injection for sag compensation
08070605040302010
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysis
Mag
( o
f
Fundamental (50Hz) = 0975 8 THD = 089
fund
amen
tal)
Figure 11 Source voltage THD graph
008007006005004
002001
003
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz)=09998 THD = 045
Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 12 Load voltage THD graph
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz) = 1757 THD = 017
008007006005004
002001
003
0Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 13 Load current THD graph
The Scientific World Journal 7
the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
References
[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012
[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011
[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013
[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012
[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011
[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011
[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004
[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010
[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Computer Games Technology
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Distributed Sensor Networks
International Journal of
Advances in
FuzzySystems
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
International Journal of
ReconfigurableComputing
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
thinspAdvancesthinspinthinsp
Artificial Intelligence
HindawithinspPublishingthinspCorporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volumethinsp2014
Advances inSoftware EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Journal of
Computer Networks and Communications
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Multimedia
International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ArtificialNeural Systems
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Industrial EngineeringJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Human-ComputerInteraction
Advances in
Computer EngineeringAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World Journal 5
A
B
C
A B CA
B
C
ABC
ABC
ABC
A
B
C
A B C
Three-phaseseries RLC branch
Discrete
Powergui
Sag generator
Vs
Three-phaseV-Imeasurement 2
A1
A2
B2
C2
B1
C1
Shunt filter
Shunt-controller
Series_controller
DC controller
Series inverter
Vm888
A2+
B2+
C2+
A1
A1
B1
C1
B1
C1
A1+
B1+
C1+
Filter
+ minus
minus
+
minus
+
minus
g
g
A
B
C
g
g
Nonlinear load
Ts = 5e minus 006 s
Figure 6 UPQC-CSC simulation diagram
PU By using the SRF theory even a minor disturbance inthe system is sensed and compensation is done Figure 10shows the series compensation for the systemThe harmonicscompensation is done by the shunt active filter along with theDC link voltage controller Total harmonics distortion (THD)for the current source converter is shown in Table 1 Figure 9shows the compensation given for reducing the harmonics
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the sourcevoltage THD of about 089 is shown in Figure 11
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadvoltage with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 045is shown in Figure 12
The Fourier fast transform analysis graph for the loadcurrent with the nonlinear loading conditions of about 017is shown in Figure 13
5 Conclusion
In this paper synchronous reference frame theory basedcontrol method is implemented to control the working ofunified power quality conditioner based on current source
Table 1 Total harmonics distortion (THD in )
Current source converter
Hn orderSourcevoltage(119881119904) in
Loadvoltage(119881119871) in
Loadcurrent(119868119871) in
H 097 099 004H3 028 008 008H5 009 005 006H7 003 006 002H9 003 004 004H11 002 003 006THD 089 045 017
converter topology The simulation results show that thedevice is capable of compensating the current harmonicsunder unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions simul-taneously mitigating voltage sag and swell The proposedUPQC-CSC design has superior performance for mitigating
6 The Scientific World Journal
0515
minus15minus05
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
10
0
minus10
200
minus20
I s(A
)VI
I loa
d(A
)
Current at PCC before compensation
Voltage at load after compensation
Current at load
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
1505
minus05minus15
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Vs
Voltage at PCC before compensation
Sag at PCC
Time (s)
PU
PU
Figure 7 Output of source voltage and current and load voltage andcurrent waveform
15
05minus05minus15
15
05
minus05
minus15
020
minus02minus04
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Voltage before compensation
Compensating voltage
Voltage after compensation
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Volta
ge
Volta
ge P
U
PU
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 8 PCC voltage with sag compensating voltage and voltageafter compensation
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Curr
ent (
A)
2520151050
minus5minus10minus15minus20minus25
Shunt compensation
Figure 9 Shunt injection for THD compensation
0250201501005
0minus005
minus015minus01
minus02minus025
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Series compensation-mitigation of sag
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 10 Series injection for sag compensation
08070605040302010
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysis
Mag
( o
f
Fundamental (50Hz) = 0975 8 THD = 089
fund
amen
tal)
Figure 11 Source voltage THD graph
008007006005004
002001
003
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz)=09998 THD = 045
Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 12 Load voltage THD graph
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz) = 1757 THD = 017
008007006005004
002001
003
0Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 13 Load current THD graph
The Scientific World Journal 7
the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
References
[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012
[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011
[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013
[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012
[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011
[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011
[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004
[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010
[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Computer Games Technology
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Distributed Sensor Networks
International Journal of
Advances in
FuzzySystems
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
International Journal of
ReconfigurableComputing
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
thinspAdvancesthinspinthinsp
Artificial Intelligence
HindawithinspPublishingthinspCorporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volumethinsp2014
Advances inSoftware EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Journal of
Computer Networks and Communications
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Multimedia
International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ArtificialNeural Systems
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Industrial EngineeringJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Human-ComputerInteraction
Advances in
Computer EngineeringAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
6 The Scientific World Journal
0515
minus15minus05
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
10
0
minus10
200
minus20
I s(A
)VI
I loa
d(A
)
Current at PCC before compensation
Voltage at load after compensation
Current at load
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
1505
minus05minus15
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Vs
Voltage at PCC before compensation
Sag at PCC
Time (s)
PU
PU
Figure 7 Output of source voltage and current and load voltage andcurrent waveform
15
05minus05minus15
15
05
minus05
minus15
020
minus02minus04
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Voltage before compensation
Compensating voltage
Voltage after compensation
Time (s)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Volta
ge
Volta
ge P
U
PU
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 8 PCC voltage with sag compensating voltage and voltageafter compensation
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Curr
ent (
A)
2520151050
minus5minus10minus15minus20minus25
Shunt compensation
Figure 9 Shunt injection for THD compensation
0250201501005
0minus005
minus015minus01
minus02minus025
0 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 01
Time (s)
Series compensation-mitigation of sag
Volta
ge P
U
Figure 10 Series injection for sag compensation
08070605040302010
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysis
Mag
( o
f
Fundamental (50Hz) = 0975 8 THD = 089
fund
amen
tal)
Figure 11 Source voltage THD graph
008007006005004
002001
003
00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz)=09998 THD = 045
Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 12 Load voltage THD graph
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency (Hz)
FFT analysisFundamental (50Hz) = 1757 THD = 017
008007006005004
002001
003
0Mag
( o
f fun
dam
enta
l)
Figure 13 Load current THD graph
The Scientific World Journal 7
the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
References
[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012
[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011
[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013
[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012
[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011
[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011
[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004
[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010
[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Computer Games Technology
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Distributed Sensor Networks
International Journal of
Advances in
FuzzySystems
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
International Journal of
ReconfigurableComputing
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
thinspAdvancesthinspinthinsp
Artificial Intelligence
HindawithinspPublishingthinspCorporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volumethinsp2014
Advances inSoftware EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Journal of
Computer Networks and Communications
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Multimedia
International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ArtificialNeural Systems
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Industrial EngineeringJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Human-ComputerInteraction
Advances in
Computer EngineeringAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World Journal 7
the power quality problemsThe series converter is capable ofmitigating the voltage related problems and shunt converteris capable of mitigating the harmonics
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
References
[1] V Khadkikar ldquoEnhancing electric power quality using UPQCa comprehensive overviewrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Elec-tronics vol 27 no 5 pp 2284ndash2297 2012
[2] M Kesler and E Ozdemir ldquoSynchronous-reference-frame-based control method for UPQC under unbalanced and dis-torted load conditionsrdquo IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics vol 58 no 9 pp 3967ndash3975 2011
[3] N Zhu D Xu B Wu F Liu N R Zargari and M KazeranildquoCommon-mode voltage reductionmethods for current-sourceconverters in medium-voltage drivesrdquo IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics vol 28 no 2 pp 995ndash1006 2013
[4] P E Melin J R Espinoza L A Moran et al ldquoAnalysis designand control of a unified power-quality conditioner based on acurrent-source topologyrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 27 no 4 pp 1727ndash1736 2012
[5] A Terciyanli M Ermis and I Cadirci ldquoA selective harmonicamplification method for reduction of kVA rating of currentsource converters in shunt active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transac-tions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp 65ndash78 2011
[6] V Kinhal P Agarwal and H O Gupta ldquoPerformance inves-tigation of neural-network-based unified power-quality condi-tionerrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery vol 26 no 1 pp431ndash437 2011
[7] R El Shatshat M M A Salama and M Kazerani ldquoArtificialintelligent controller for current source converter-based mod-ular active power filtersrdquo IEEE Transactions on Power Deliveryvol 19 no 3 pp 1314ndash1320 2004
[8] C H da Silva R R Pereira L E B da Silva G Lambert-TorresB K Bose and S U Ahn ldquoA digital PLL scheme for three-phase system using modified synchronous reference framerdquoIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 11 pp3814ndash3821 2010
[9] J M Espı Huerta J Castello-Moreno J R Fischer and RGarcıa-Gil ldquoA synchronous reference frame robust predictivecurrent control for three-phase grid-connected invertersrdquo IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics vol 57 no 3 pp 954ndash9622010
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Computer Games Technology
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Distributed Sensor Networks
International Journal of
Advances in
FuzzySystems
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
International Journal of
ReconfigurableComputing
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
thinspAdvancesthinspinthinsp
Artificial Intelligence
HindawithinspPublishingthinspCorporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volumethinsp2014
Advances inSoftware EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Journal of
Computer Networks and Communications
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Multimedia
International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ArtificialNeural Systems
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Industrial EngineeringJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Human-ComputerInteraction
Advances in
Computer EngineeringAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Computer Games Technology
International Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Distributed Sensor Networks
International Journal of
Advances in
FuzzySystems
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Volume 2014
International Journal of
ReconfigurableComputing
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
thinspAdvancesthinspinthinsp
Artificial Intelligence
HindawithinspPublishingthinspCorporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volumethinsp2014
Advances inSoftware EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Journal of
Journal of
Computer Networks and Communications
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Multimedia
International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ArtificialNeural Systems
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
RoboticsJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Industrial EngineeringJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Modelling amp Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Human-ComputerInteraction
Advances in
Computer EngineeringAdvances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014