REDD+ project case studies in FFPRI

Dr. Mitsuo Matsumoto Director

REDD Research and Development Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)

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Contents

• Present situation of REDD+ • Activities of REDD R & D Center • Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

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REDD+

• REDD+ （REDD-plus） – Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest

Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in Developing countries

• REDD: Activities for reducing emissions from

deforestation and forest degradation • +: Activities for maintaining and increasing forest

carbon stocks

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Background of REDD+

• About 20% of carbon emissions was from deforestation and forest degradation in 1990s and 12 % was in after 2010s.

• REDD+ gives incentives (economic compensation) for emission reductions or removals achieved by REDD+ activities.

• It is also effective for conserving biodiversity and economy of local people.

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Cited from CIFOR “Can money grow trees?”

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Reference Scenario

Real emission

Reduced emission

Beginning of REDD program

Year

History to REDD+ in UNFCCC • COP11, Montreal, 2005

– PNG and and Costa Rica proposed “Avoiding deforestation”

• COP13, Bali, 2007 – REDD was listed in Bali Roadmap

• COP14, Posnan, 2008 – REDD became REDD+

• COP15, Copenhagen, 2009 – Copenhagen accords show the needs of a new mechanism of REDD+

• COP16, Cancun, 2010 – Cancun agreement outlines a framework of REDD-Plus and shows a set of

clear guidelines and a work plan for the coming year.

• COP17, Durban, 2011 – Durban ACs decides to launch a process for a new protocol from 2020

• COP18, Doha, 2012 – Discussion on modalities of National Forest Monitoring System and MRV

• COP19, Warsaw, 2013 – The Warsaw framework for REDD+

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Activities of REDD R&D Center

• REDD R&D Center was established at FFPRI in July 2010.

• It carries out research and development on REDD+ and provides related entities with technical supports.

• The goal of the Center is to contribute building a society balancing sound forests and regional development and conserving global environment through REDD+ activities.

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Research and Development • Development of NFMS and MRV systems

– Remote sensing – Ground-based inventory and Allometory equations – in Cambodia, Malaysia, Paraguay

• Socio-economic analysis – Driver analysis, Safeguards – in Cambodia, Malaysia

• Development of REDD+ Methodologies

– Development of REDD Cookbook – Development of Guidelines for JCM

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Field survey Remote sensing

Total carbon stock = Σ ( Forest areai x Mean carbon stocki )

Mean carbon stock i Forest area i

Image classification

Verification

Plot survey

Allometry

Decision of forest classes

Evergreen

Deciduous

Others e.g. Rubber, Mangrove

Forest carbon monitoring for REDD+

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Challenges on forest monitoring by Remote sensing

Phenology in deciduous forests

雲

雲陰

水域

植生

非植生

Clouds in rain forests

Producing mosaic image using multiple images within a year

Forest Non-forest Water Cloud Shadow

Clouds and their shadows effects on the classification results.

It is need to produce mosaic image with multiple images within a year.

Standardization of images with algorithm for reducing the effect of seasonality

SPOT images (upper: the end of dry season, lower: the beginning of dry season)

Reduction of effect of seasonality by standardizing images with developed algorithm.

Land cover map using standardized images

• Technical guidance on REDD-plus for policy makers, organizations and experts

• English & Japanese • 151 pages • 36 Recipes • Reference guide • Written by 28 experts

• Downloadable form the Web of

REDD R&D Center

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REDD-plus Cookbook

Contents of the Cookbook Introduction Chapter 1 - About REDD-plus

Chapter 2 - Designing a forest monitoring system

Planning Chapter 3 - Basic knowledge needed for REDD+ implementation

Chapter 4 - Measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of forest carbon

Chapter 5 - Monitoring by the stock change method

Technical Chapter 6 - Preparation of REDD+ implementation

Chapter 7 - Estimation of forest area using remote sensing

Chapter 8 - Permanent sample plot method

Chapter 9 - Estimation models for forest carbon stocks

References

Design of Recipe

Reference guide

Movie for REDD+ Introduction

• Title: “Toward Implementation of REDD+ -Climate change and forest conservation-”

• 25 minutes full version and 10 minute short version • Eight languages

– Japanese, English, French – Portuguese, Spanish – Khmer, Lao, Indonesian

• Available via Internet – Visit The Web of REDD R&D Center

• Contact to REDD Research & Development Center – E-mail: redd-rd-center@ffpri.affrc.go.jp

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Learning Event in Forest Day 4 in COP16, Cancun

Raising Public Awareness / Supporting Activities

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Presentation in Forest Day 5 in COP17, Durban

International seminar held in Feb 2011, 2012 and 2013, Tokyo

Side event by FFPRI in COP18, Doha

What is JCM?

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• Japanese government is constructing The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) as an potential mitigation measure

• Japan’s low carbon technologies, products, systems, services and infrastructure support emission reduction and removals in host countries

• The scheme of JCM looks like CDM, but JCM is managed by Joint Committees under agreement between Japan and host countries

Quoted from the Web of New Mechanism Information Platform

Agreed Countries on JCM

• 11 countries agreed on JCM – Mongolia – Bangladesh – Ethiopia – Kenya – Maldives – Vietnam – Laos – Indonesia – Costa Rica – Palau – Cambodia

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REDD+ under the JCM

• Activities of the JCM are adopted by each Joint Committee

• REDD+ is expected as an activity of the JCM

• But the methodologies of MRV for REDD+ have not developed enough

• REDD+ Guidelines are required now

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REDD-plus Guidelines for JCM

• “Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus” • Developed by FFPRI voluntarily • It is expected to contribute to the formal

guidelines which will be developed by the Joint committees.

• Contents – Chap 1: Introduction

• Background • Discussion on REDD-plus in Japan • Purpose of the guideline

– Chap 2: Requirements to projects • Essential requirements • Requirements to elements of projects

– Chap 3: Requirements to methodologies • Basic requirements • Requirements to elements of methodologies

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Key Points

• Required accuracy of forest map classification – International standards indicate “suitable accuracy” for

estimation of GHG emission reduction and removals

– Experiences and practices from projects and studies show feasible accuracy of forest map classification

– The accuracy of classification of Forest/non-forest should be above 80%, and the one of each forest type should be above 70%.

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Thank you

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Visit the Web of REDD R&D Center http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en/