REDD+: Combining reduction of deforestation, biodiversity & food security

The Gilé National Reserve REDD+ Pilot project, Mozambique

World Forestry CongressSeptember 8th, 2015

Durban

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Context of Mozambique• 54% below the poverty line • 70% living in rural areas

• 178 out of 187 countries

• 8,5% GDP growth rate (2014)• 5th highest rate in Africa

• Agriculture: major sector of economy (32% of GDP) = pressure on forests

• 51% of national territory (40M ha)• Deforestation rate is 0.58% 220,000

ha/year• > 50% of national GHG emissions

Population

HDI

Economy

Forests

• Stable political environment• 1st Mo Ibraim Prize for Good

Governance• Attraction of large public/private inv.

Politics

The Gilé National Reserve

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The Gilé National Reserve

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The Gilé National Reserve

– Created in 1932– Only reserve in Mozambique without human

settlement– The Reserve protects a significant area of Miombo

forest eco-region

An efficient conservation policy...

The National Administration for Conservation Area and the IGF Fundation are co-managing the Reserve since 2007 and are already obtaining good results:

• Improvement of law enforcement• Improvement of infrastructure• Reintroduction of animals

...but with some limitations

• There is no sustainable funding to keep on managing efficiently the Reserve over the long term

• Deforestation is increasing• Populations do not beneficiate from the

Reserve=> An integrated and long term vision is needed => Mobilization of the REDD+ mechanism

A REDD+ pilot project was launched in January 2014

– Under the supervision of the ANAC– Implemented by the IGF Fundation, with technical support from

Agrisud and Etc Terra– Funded by the FFEM, with support from the French Ministry of

Agriculture

• Principal objectives:– The project aims to prepare the Reserve to enter the REDD+

mecanism in order as a sustainalbe funding machanism.– Lower deforestation– Work with the surrounding communities

Drivers

Slash & BurnAgriculturefor cassava and corn

Agents

Small-scale farmers

Underlying causes

Poor soil conditions and weak management capacities, low productivity crops, poverty & subsistence agriculture

Around the GNR, the main deforestation driver is Slash & Burn Agriculture

The main option to reduce deforestation is the promotion of conservation agriculture

- Agroforestry system: boundaries systems, homesteads, orchards, Faederbia albida, etc

- Technical assistance and inputs (seeds, fertilizers, equipment)- Community nurseries

- Fire management- Increase productivy, Contribute to food security, access to

markets

Conservation Agriculture

The theory behind this REDD+ project

Reducing deforestation

Sells of Carbon credits

Adoption of conservation agriculture practices

Management of the Reserve $

$

Other activities include:The Community hunting block of Mulela:

Management & benefits for local communities

• Policy changes towards more benefits to community from tourism

• Promotes sustainable tourism

Outcomes• ~ 9,000 people organized in the NOKALANO Association;• Concession contract with MITADER;• Competitive selection of a private safari operator sub-concession contract between NOKALANO and operator•Establish a model of community management of wildlife resources policy changes

May 2010

Ecological survey;

west Buffer Zone3 rounds of participatory meetings

with local communities

4 communities identified & involved

+ 2 district Administrators

Validation workshop in

Quelimane for approval by

Zambézia Government

August 2013Evaluation of Land tenure

Expected direct benefits: • Sub-concession fees; • Royalties on quota;• Royalties on nr of safari days (min.

expected 15 -20,000 USD/year).

The project is gaining momentum and is currently being extend to a broader area and is a candidate program to the FCPF Carbon Fund

In this broader framework, a larger range of deforestation drivers will be addressed

Mozambique Early IdeaZambezia Integrated Landscape Management

Program

Program Area

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District Forest Area (ha)

Annual Deforestation rate (2000 – 2013)

Alto Molocué 380,046 -1,04%

Ile 266,496 -1,23%

Gilé 666,667 -0,58%

Pebane 692,760 -0,62%

Maganja da Costa 518,641 -0,49%

Total 2,524,610 -0,71%

18,000 ha/year

Drivers

Agriculture

Firewood and charcoal

Illegal logging

Agents

Small-scale farmers

Small-scale producers, house

hold and industrial consumers

Small operators & concessionaires

Underlying causes

Poor soil conditions and weak management capacities, low productivity crops, poverty & subsistence agriculture

Low access to other sources of energy, lack of individual firewood plantations, inefficient cookstoves and charcoal plants

- Weak governance, poor land tenure and zoning, very few cash generating opportunities

Drivers, agents and causes of deforestation around the Reserve

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Drivers, agents and causes of deforestation

Policy and Governance

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- Reduce deforestation annual rate in 30-40% Improve national & provincial government capacity & structure

- Establish national and provincial MRV office

- Reduce deforestation annual rate in 30-40% Improve national & provincial government capacity & structure

- Establish national and provincial MRV office

- Forest concessions over 1,7 million ha, managed by the private sector

- Improve Concessions legal and institutional framework, promote FSC forest certification

- Program One leader-One forest/ One child-One tree- Fire management

- Forest concessions over 1,7 million ha, managed by the private sector

- Improve Concessions legal and institutional framework, promote FSC forest certification

- Program One leader-One forest/ One child-One tree- Fire management

- Mapping and registration of farmers and land dwellers- Promote land-use planning at districts level

- Mapping and registration of farmers and land dwellers- Promote land-use planning at districts level

Environmental Governance

Forest Management &

Concessions

Land use planning and registration

Agriculture and sustainable landscapes

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Engage 30.000 farmers in integrated landscape management activities

- Establish 5,000 hectares of sustainable farming-230$/yr of additional revenues per farmer.

- 1 cashew processing unit – in partnership w/ private sector-Cashew orchards implemented

- Establish 5,000 hectares of sustainable farming-230$/yr of additional revenues per farmer.

- 1 cashew processing unit – in partnership w/ private sector-Cashew orchards implemented

- Agroforestry system: boundaries systems, homesteads, orchards, Faederbia albida, etc

- Technical assistance and inputs (seeds, fertilizers, equipment)- Community nurseries

- Fire management- Increase productivy, Contribute to food security, access to

markets

- Agroforestry system: boundaries systems, homesteads, orchards, Faederbia albida, etc

- Technical assistance and inputs (seeds, fertilizers, equipment)- Community nurseries

- Fire management- Increase productivy, Contribute to food security, access to

markets

- Technical Assistance programs- Training on community MRV, on creating new business opportunities,, fire management and food production

- Implementation of pilot demonstrative units for new crops- Partnerships with other successful countries (ex: South-south

Knowledge Exchange)

- Technical Assistance programs- Training on community MRV, on creating new business opportunities,, fire management and food production

- Implementation of pilot demonstrative units for new crops- Partnerships with other successful countries (ex: South-south

Knowledge Exchange)

Deforestation-free Cashew and

Sesame

Conservation Agriculture

Capacity Building and Training

Forest conservation and management

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- Improve reserve management: staff, infra-structure, law-enforcement on illegal logging and poaching

- Work with surrounding communities on buffer zone in the management structure of the park

- Private partnership for Game and Tourism programs

- Improve reserve management: staff, infra-structure, law-enforcement on illegal logging and poaching

- Work with surrounding communities on buffer zone in the management structure of the park

- Private partnership for Game and Tourism programs

- Promote forest plantation/ woodlots for charcoal production - Improve charcoal production technologies (kilns)

- introduce sustainable cooking stoves

- Promote forest plantation/ woodlots for charcoal production - Improve charcoal production technologies (kilns)

- introduce sustainable cooking stoves

- 50,000 hectares of forest plantations (led by private sector and outgrower shemes)

- 50 community forest nurseries

- 50,000 hectares of forest plantations (led by private sector and outgrower shemes)

- 50 community forest nurseries

Gilé Reserve Management

Sustainable wood and charcoal supply chains

Forest plantations

Build on existing Government / NGO / Community / Private Sector interventions

• Small-holders are usually risk-adverse• Adoption rate of innovation in agriculture are usually

low•Need for:

• Strong incentives over a long term• And long-term technical assistance

One of the core question for North Zambézia: How to incentivize adoption of conservation agriculture at scale?

Can market incentives through agricultural commodities supply chain be a solution?

Tree guiding principles:• Markets must be available for participants’

products and services• Provide clear and sustainable benefits to

smallholders• Work with a large number of producer

Proposed contracting scheme

Fair-trade price and technical assistance

• Adoption of conservation agriculture practices for cassava and corn

• No poaching in the reserve• No plantation of cashew tree on

new deforested-land

– New York declaration on forest

– No-deforestation supply chain

On the demand side:

– Commit to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains, including third party suppliers, as soon as possible, and collectively by no later than 2020. Leading consumer goods companies, commodity producers and traders have already committed to ambitious timelines to phase out deforestation, some with immediate effect. More companies should be encouraged to follow suit, including companies from other sectors such as animal feedstuffs, construction and food services

– Adopt the highest possible standards for forest conservation particularly as they relate to protection of high carbon stock landscapes, no expansion onto peat lands and the protection of human rights and land rights.

–  Commit to traceability and transparency in their supply chains.

On the demand side:

On the demand side:

-> Possibility to launch a fair-trade, no-deforestation cashew nut business in North Zambézia

-> Some well advanced discussion with Norwegian and French buyers

Deforestation-free cashew

Fair-trade pricing for

raw cashew22 vs. 13 MZN/kg

Improve livelihoods

USD 9.2M additional

revenues to the communities

Strong lever for

contractualization

scheme

Secure sourcing for

processing unit

+ 2500 t/yr

1. Cashew and sesame are the only cash crops in the area

2. Partnership with a cashew processor to launch a fair-trade deforestation-free cashew-nut supply chain

3. Sold to an international buyer (Unilever, Cosco…) at a premium price

4. 5 000 farmers contractualized

Adoption of conservation agriculture techniques• Association (cassava/peanuts), rotation, mulching,

intercropping…

New plantations and better management of existent cashew orchards• Pruning, thinning, intercropped plantation…

Out-grower agriculture scheme, fair-trade price in exchange of:

Moving from slash-burn agriculture into conservation agricultureLower deforestation rate

Deforestation-free cashew

$

$

Fair-trade cashew would help enter a virtuous circle

Lowering deforestation

Sells of carbon credits

Adoption of conservation agriculture

Management of the Reserve

Cashew nut fair-trade

$

José DiasANAC – Gilé National Reserve Warden

c.mercier@etcterra.orgjosemohamede@gmail.com