RECENT PERSPECTIVES ON THE ROLE OF PREVIOUSLY KNOWN LANGUAGES

By

Siti Nurhayati 147052018

What do You think about PERSPECTIVE??

Theories of Learning

• Language come to be seen not as a set of automatic habits, but as a set of structured rules.

E.g from Cazden (1972)Child : My teacher holded the baby rabbits and we

patted themAdult : Did you say your teacher held the baby

rabbits?Child : Yes Adult : What did you say she did?Child : She holded the baby rabbits and we

patted them.Adult : Did you say she held them tightly ?Child : No, she holded them loosely

B.F Skinner (1904-1990) Claimed that language is just another form of behavior . It is a respon to stimuli in the environment. And it is learned

Recent Perspectives on The Role of Previously Known

Languages

The Morpheme Order Studies

Revised Perspectives on The Role of NL

Child second language acquisition

The Morpheme Order Studies

Bilingual Syntax Measure ( BSM )

The Bilingual Syntax Measure Pronoun case

He doesn’t like him Article

He’s eating a sandwich Progressive -ing

He’s eating Singular copula

It’s a boy Plural –s

Two birds Singular Aux

He’s waving Past Irregular

The birds flew down Past regular He closed it Third Person Singular He says hello Possesive

The man’s hat

Revised Perspectives on The Role of The Native Language

Avoidance Differential Learning Rates Different Paths Overproduction Predictability / Selectivity

Avoidence

•Comparison of relative clause errors produced in free compositions in English (L2) by 50 (25 Intermediate, 25 Advanced) NSs each of Persian, Arabic, Chinese, and Japanese

Schacher (1974) showed that knowledge of the difference between L1 and L2 did make a difference to learners L2 production

Differential Learning Rates

It is concentration on other vocabulary which results in a facilitation of learning.

Different Paths •Chinese L1

this is acquired before the n English L2

Why? Because Chinese has

an equivalent demonstrative but no definite article

•Spanish L1

this and the are acquired simultaneously why? Because Spanish has both demonstrative and definite article

Overproduction • Han (2000) claims that Chinese learners of

English first transfer discourse word order

into English, which in many cases

corresponds to English SVO word order. But

when an object is fronted, transfer of

discourse word order results is pseudo

passive.

• E.g : His car keeps inside

Normally : He keeps his car inside

Predictibility

•Eric Kellerman showed that l2 learners believe they

can predict what is transferable fro the L1 to the L2 .

Selectivity

•Duskova showed that second language learners select what they transfer into the L2.