Post on 17-Sep-2018
6. 6. 6. 6. PREPREPREPRE ----
ROMATICISMROMATICISMROMATICISMROMATICISM
ANDANDANDAND
ROMANTICISMROMANTICISMROMANTICISMROMANTICISM
The Graveyard Poetry
� Macpherson’s: Ossian
� Thomas Gray: Elegy written in an English Courtyard
PRE ROMANTICISM
New features: originality and creativity; spontaneity; emphasis onIndividual genius; interest in the unknown and in the supernatural; free imagination; sensations, interest in Middle Ages, subjectivefeeling for nature; exotic time and places.
New sources of inspiration: Nordic and Celtic cultures; The Middle Ages, ancient national folk poetry (T. Percy); The Works of Ossian (J. Macpherson)
William
Blake
� Reality of contemporary world and
potentiality of the spiritual world
� Exaltation of art as a creative
vision
� Freedom and love for justice
� God as spiritual power in man
� Poet and prophet
� sources: Divina Commedia by
Dante
� Works:
� Song of Innocence and
���� Songs of Experience.
(1757 – 1827)
Mary Shelley(1797 – 1851)
� Novelist, short story writer, dramatist,
essayist, biographer, and travel writer,
� She married the poet and philosopher
Percy Bysshe Shelley.
� Her father was the political
philosopher William Godwin, and her
mother was the philosopher and feminist
Mary Wollstonecraft.
���� Frankenstein or the Modern Prometeus (1818)
• Power of science: manipulation of nature , creation of man
• The different, the alien
• The double.
Sir Walter Scott (1771 -1832 )
� Reference to the past
� England and Scotland
� Journey of young man towards adult age
� History made by masses not by great protagonists.
Works (about 90 novels) :
� Rob Roy (1818): Scottish clans
� Ivanhoe (1819-20): crusades and clash between Saxons and Normans; reference to Robin Hood.
� Waverly (1814): tradition and cultures of Scotland
� Richard I or The Talisman (1825): Crusades in the Holy Land
Jane
Austen
�She did not marry to be indipendent
(professional writer)
�Clear illustration of the society
�Ironical tone.
Works
� Sense and Sensibility (1811)
�Pride and Prejudice (1813)
�Mansfield Park (1814)
�Emma (1815)
�Northanger Abbey (1817)
�Persuasion (1817)
(1775 –1817)
The First Generation:
W. Wordsworth
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
The Lyrical ballads (1798),
Romantic manifesto �Rime of the Ancient Mariner
� Emphasis on imagination and emotion
� Concern with subjective and particular
� Champion of value of individual
� Fight for freedom
� Interest in medieval and modern subjects
� Use of ordinary language and different poetic forms.
� Attraction for far away countries
W. Wordsworth(1770 – 1850)
S. T. Coleridge
(1772 –1834)
�� The Rime of the The Rime of the AncientAncient MarinerMariner
journeyjourney in a remote timein a remote time
VoyageVoyage intointo the the soulsoul
BalladBallad formform ((simplesimple and musical)and musical)
FromFrom the the superanturalsuperantural toto nature. nature.
inutilityinutility of crime of crime
ReligiousReligious mattermatter: : everyevery crime crime isis punishedpunished..
Second
Generation
Lord George Gordon Noel Byron
(1788 –1824)� leader of Italy’s The Carbonari against Austraia, and fought against the
Ottoman Empire in the greek war of Independence
� Where he died in Messuolunghi for fever. Aristocratic excesses, debts, love affairs, and self-imposed exile.
� At Polidori’s castle together with P. B. and Mary Shelley� (the night of Frankesnstein’s birth)
Works:� Poem: She Walks in Beauty (1919)
� Long Poems: Harold's Pilgrimage (1819); Don Juan (1824);
� The Corsair(1814� Giuseppe Verdi’s Il corsaro, Hector Berlioz’s ; Le Corsaire and Marius Petipa’s ballet Le Corsaire)
�More politically committed
�Struggle on the continent
�Classical, medieval,
and oriental inspiration
�Variety of forms
Second generation:
Percy Bisshe Shelley; John Keats
P. B. Shelley ( 1792-1822)
�Shelley's unconventional life and uncompromising idealism
�Mary shelley was his second wife.
Poems: Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, and The Masque of Anarchy,
Alastor, Adonaïs, The Revolt of Islam, The Triumph of Life.
Plays: The Cenci (1819) and Prometheus Unbound (1820)
Gothic novels: Zastrozzi (1810) and St. Irvyne (1811)
short works The Assassins (1814), The Coliseum (1817) and The Mass (1817)
John Keats (1795 –1821):
Poetry �odes: sensual imagery,
Aestheticism
Ode on a Grecian Urn (1819)
Ode to Autumn (1819)
EdgarEdgarEdgarEdgar AllanAllanAllanAllan PoePoePoePoe1809 –1849
Romantic
American
writer
�Short
stories: to
keep the
reader’s
attention
alive
�Main themes: loneliness,
fear of unknown, double and
the link between life, death
and art.
�No place, no names:
universality of what he tells.
Works:
�Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840)
�Tales of Mistery and Imagination (1876 )
��1900, 2000 (detective and horror stories)
William Turner(1775-1851)
�landscape ����as important as history painting. �particolar light.
�fire, rain and storms.