Psychosocial Support

PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT IN EMERGENCY

SETTING

Philippine Mental Health Ass'n. Baguio-Benguet Chapter Inc.

Learning Objectives:1.Understand what constitutes a crisis event and

how it impacts individuals, families and communities

2.Understand what constitutes psychosocial support and why it is needed

3.Describe how support is given at different levels using the IASC guidelines.

4.Discuss the role of volunteers in providing psychosocial activities following IASC guidelines in mental health and psychosocial support

What is a Crisis Event?“A crisis event is a major

event outside the range of normal everyday experience that is extremely threatening to those involved, usually accompanied by feelings of powerlessness, horror or terror.”

Crisis Events and Psychosocial Support

Sudden Powerful Usually outside the range of

ordinary human experience With a strong emotional effect on

people May overwhelm the usually effective

coping skills of an individual or group

Characteristics of Crisis Events

Different factors affect what kind of impact an event has on an individual or community

Protective factors: literally “protect” people, reducing the impact of hardship and difficulties

What Makes Events Critical?

Risk factors – literally put people “at risk” increasing the impact or hardship and difficulties

What Makes Events Critical?

What is Psychosocial

Support?Philippine Mental Health Ass'n. Baguio-Benguet Chapter Inc.

It is any type of local or support that aims to protect or promote psychosocial well-being and/prevents or threats mental disorder

It is a process of meeting emotional, social, mental and spiritual needs, all of which are considered essential elements of meaningful positive human development. It goes beyond simply meeting the person’s physical needs.

A process of facilitating resilience within individuals, families an communities

Crisis typically disrupts a person’s life in many different ways and can lead to loss of: Near and significant loved ones Control over own life and future A sense of security Hope and initiative Dignity Social infrastructure and institutions Access to services Property, Prospects of a livelihood

Why Provide Psychosocial Support?

In any disaster the magnitude of psychosocial and mental health issues is enormous.

Apart from logistic and material help, the sufferings of the affected populations will require psychosocial and mental health interventions.

Mobilizing early and adequate psychosocial support can prevent distress and suffering from developing into something more severe

Psychosocial support helps people affected by crises to recover

The organization and provision of psychological support will depend entirely on the critical event for which support is needed. It must be clear that there are no simple solutions

Basic Principles in the implementation of a

psychological support Program

A number of guiding principles have however, been identified, which should be considered before and during the implementation of a psychological support progam

Basic Principles in the implementation of a

psychological support Program

Builds on local resources, providing training and upgrading local structures and institutions

1. Community-based Approach

Focus on strengthening groups and networks within the community

Involvement of he community, with its knowledge, values and practices

Community-based Approach

Will promote empowerment and local ownership

Control over their own lives as well as life of the community

Community Participation

Mobilization of collective strength to restore natural community networks

Helps reintegrate individuals and families within their communities

Community Participation

Training aims to help them share and apply basic psychological skills with survivors of crisis, shock and loss

Have easy access to, and the confidence of

disaster survivors Benefit from cultural insight in provision of assistance

2. Trained volunteers

Helping other people but not making the recipient passive

3. Empowerment

Quality relief and assistance is based on helping others to gain self-respect and autonomy (empowerment)

Empowerment

Abilities and strengths of recipients are as important focus as their problems

Empowerment

Describing large numbers of the population as traumatized is inaccurate

“trauma” is a clinical term requiring specific clinical responses. Its general use counter productive to healing

4. Care with terminology

Terminology such as “active survivor” enhances empowerment

Care with terminology

Focus on competence rather than symptoms and deficits (existing resources, coping mechanisms and the resilience of beneficiaries should be built on) identification and strengthening of mechanism

that will contribute to better coping Active involvement of people in sorting out their

problems Recognition of people’s skills and competence

5. Active involvement

preventive factor when it helps people to cope to cope better with their situations

Enhance capacity of people to react effectively and start recognizing their lives

6. Early intervention

Problems may not surface immediately-disaster create both immediate and long-term psychological needs

Sustainable programme more likely of local resources in training included

7. Viable intervention

Training should be followed by mentoring and Follow-up

Traditional clinical approaches are still very much in the foreground, but the community-based approach is gaining ground as may more people are being helped to come to terms with disasters in simple and sensitive ways

7. Viable intervention

Source: Zunin and Myers, 2000

Pre-impact Impact Post-impact

IMPACT

COMMUNITY SOLIDARITY

DISILUSIONM

RECONSTRUCTIO

1 – 3 Days 1 – 3 Years

The Affected Population:(IASC Guidelines: A layered system of complementary supports)

Source: This illustration is based on the intervention pyramid for mental health and psychosocial support in emergencies in the IASC Guidelines (2007).

Who are Psychosocial Services Provided to?

Professional treatment for individuals or families

Severe psychological disorders

Individual, family or group interventions

Psychosocial support activities

Fulfilling basic needs, providing security

Mild to moderate mental health disorders

Mild psychological distress( natural reactions to crisis event)

General population affected by crisis

Responses suggested Impacts on population due to crises

Phases of Psychosocial RecoveryEmergency Recovery – long term

Immediate response

Long term programme design

ACTIVITY PLANNING Regular review and adaptation according to findings of ongoing monitoring and evaluationRECOVERY PHASES

Root shock Realization Acknowledgement Adaptation

ACTIVITY EXAMPLESPsychological First Aid Support groups Youth clubsNeed and resource mapping Home visits Drama activitiesDrama activities Regular play groups with children Memorial activities

3 mths 6 mths 1 year 2 year 3 years

Critical

eventPhilippine Mental Health Ass'n. Baguio-Benguet Chapter Inc.

Advantages of VolunteersVolunteers are part of the local communityVolunteers know the culture

Needs of volunteersBasic knowledge of psychosocial supportSupport and encouragementResources

Role of Staff and Volunteers

Characteristics of those who help:Good listening skills and a caring attitudeKnowledge of PS and good helping skills

Core activitiesNonjudgmental listeningGiving practical informationProviding a safe, calm environmentResponding to basic needs in a culturally

sensitive mannerRecognizing and referring people that

might be in need of mental health services

Training the psychosocial team

Basic support to affected individuals does not require any training

Assistance to groups, addressing protection needs requires awareness of psychosocial issues

Psychological first aid, support to affected population and implementation of activities require first aid training and basic psychosocial support training

Counseling, targeted support groups require extensive training on specific topics

Mental health interventions require mental health background

Source: PS Centre, 2009Philippine Mental Health Ass'n. Baguio-Benguet Chapter Inc.

Psychosocial Support

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