ContentsContentsTypes of Propulsion Systems :

• Jet Propulsion

• Rocket Propulsion

• Outer Space Propulsion

Jet PropulsionJet Propulsion

History History • Jet propulsion uses may be traced back to 50-70 AD when a popular toy

was made using this technology.

• But originally Jets came into use in 13th century to make Rocket Fireworks and weapons later in 17th century. China , Arabs and Indians used Jet propelled rockets for war.

• But for an airplane to be propelled by Jet , world had to wait till World War – II .

What is a Jet Engine ?What is a Jet Engine ?

• A jet engine is a machine that uses the velocity of air to produce Thrust. It works on Sir Isaac Newton’s discovery. I.e. To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• Jet Engines are further classified in 3 types :

1. Turboprop or Turbofan2. Turbojet3. Ramjet

Parts of a Jet EngineParts of a Jet Engine• Fan - The fan is the first component in a turbofan. • Compressor - The compressor squeezes the air that enters it into

progressively smaller areas, resulting in an increase in the air pressure. This results in an increase in the energy potential of the air.

• Combustor - In the combustor the air is mixed with fuel and then ignited.

• Turbine - The high-energy airflow coming out of the combustor goes into the turbine, causing the turbine blades to rotate.

• Nozzle - The nozzle is the exhaust duct of the engine. This is the engine part which actually produces the thrust for the plane

Rocket Propulsion Rocket Propulsion • A rocket is a

missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle that obtains thrust from rocket engine. Rocket engine exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use.

DesignDesign• The main difficulties in Rocket Design.

1. Cooling of Combustion Chamber (Solved by Regenerative Cooling )

2. Pumping the fuel ( Rocket Turbopump)

3. Controling Direction ( 3D thrust vectoring )

4. Weight Restrictions ( Lightweight Material)

Regenerative CoolingRegenerative Cooling

Rocket TurbopumpRocket Turbopump

• It is a type of centrifugal pump with very high output pressure of the propellant. It has 2 main components. A rotodynamic pump and a gas turbine fitted on same shaft or sometimes geared togethor.

Thrust VectoringThrust Vectoring

• In rocketry and ballistic missiles that fly outside the atmosphere, aerodynamic control surfaces are ineffective, so thrust vectoring is the primary means of control.

Outer Space PropulsionOuter Space Propulsion

• Two types of propulsions can be used in the outer space.

1. Rocket Propulsion (Creates pollution in space )

2. Electric Propulsion ( Pollution Free )

Few types of electric PropulsionsFew types of electric Propulsions

• Electrostatic Propulsion

• Electrothermal Propulsion

• ElectroMagnetic Propulsion

• ElectroDynamic Propulsion

Interplanetary Interplanetary JourneyJourney

BibliographyBibliography• Personal Knowledge

• Wikipedia

• MIT Courseware etc.