Transcript of Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Chapter 28 Objective: Students will understand the...
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- Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Chapter 28
Objective: Students will understand the historical impact the
Progressive Era had on US History.
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- Progressive Roots New reformists went back to the Greenback
Labor Party of 1870s, Populists 1890s, because of the trusts
Laissez-faire was out dated, business had gotten too big and
society too complex Literary figures led the attack Henry Demarest
Lloyd Wealth Against Wealth 1894 Thorstein Veblen Theory of the
Leisure Class 1899 Jacob A Riis How the Other Half Lives 1890
Strong socialist movement led by the new immigrants New reformists
went back to the Greenback Labor Party of 1870s, Populists 1890s,
because of the trusts Laissez-faire was out dated, business had
gotten too big and society too complex Literary figures led the
attack Henry Demarest Lloyd Wealth Against Wealth 1894 Thorstein
Veblen Theory of the Leisure Class 1899 Jacob A Riis How the Other
Half Lives 1890 Strong socialist movement led by the new
immigrants
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- Muckrakers Several magazines led the way in reform,
investigational journalism, dug deeper because they were trying to
out scoop the competition Lincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities
Showed the alliance between big business and local governments Ida
B. Tarbell published an expose on Standard Oil David G. Phillips
The Treason of the Senate charged that 75 of the 90 senators
represented trusts not the people Ray Stannard Baker Following the
Color Line 1908 Upton Sinclair The Jungle Abuses about many other,
social ills, adulterated medicine, food, political corruption,
etc
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- The Bosses of the Senate
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- Political Progressivism Reformers were mainly middle class
citizens- pressure from above (giant corporations) and below
(immigrant hordes and labor unions) Progressives two main goals: To
use state power to curb the trusts To stem the socialist threat by
generally improving the common persons conditions of life and labor
Progressives pushed for direct primary elections and the referendum
(placed laws on the ballot for final approval from the people) Put
a limit on the amount of money that candidates could spend on
elections and on the gifts that they could receive from
corporations Constitutional amendment to use popular election of
the sentors- 17 th Amendment passed in 1913 Progressives also
supported the feminists Reformers were mainly middle class
citizens- pressure from above (giant corporations) and below
(immigrant hordes and labor unions) Progressives two main goals: To
use state power to curb the trusts To stem the socialist threat by
generally improving the common persons conditions of life and labor
Progressives pushed for direct primary elections and the referendum
(placed laws on the ballot for final approval from the people) Put
a limit on the amount of money that candidates could spend on
elections and on the gifts that they could receive from
corporations Constitutional amendment to use popular election of
the sentors- 17 th Amendment passed in 1913 Progressives also
supported the feminists
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- Progressivism in the Cities and States Many cities appointed a
city manager to control civic affairs Attacked social
problems-slumlords, juvenile delinquency, and prostitution
Progressivism also reached a state level Robert M. Fighting Bob La
Follette-militant progressive Republican leader-governor of
Wisconsin, was able to return control to the people from corrupt
corporations and perfected a scheme fro regulating public utilities
Hiram W. Johnson- governor of California- broke the grip of the
Southern Pacific Railroad on CA politics-set up a political machine
of his own Many cities appointed a city manager to control civic
affairs Attacked social problems-slumlords, juvenile delinquency,
and prostitution Progressivism also reached a state level Robert M.
Fighting Bob La Follette-militant progressive Republican
leader-governor of Wisconsin, was able to return control to the
people from corrupt corporations and perfected a scheme fro
regulating public utilities Hiram W. Johnson- governor of
California- broke the grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on CA
politics-set up a political machine of his own
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- Progressive Women Key to progressive movement Saw the task of
improving life in the factories as an extension of their roles as
wives and women Focused on moral and maternal issues Womens Trade
Union League and National Consumers League Florence Kelley
Illinoiss first chief factory inspector and strong advocate of
improving factory conditions In 1899 she took control of the newly
founded National Consumers League Key to progressive movement Saw
the task of improving life in the factories as an extension of
their roles as wives and women Focused on moral and maternal issues
Womens Trade Union League and National Consumers League Florence
Kelley Illinoiss first chief factory inspector and strong advocate
of improving factory conditions In 1899 she took control of the
newly founded National Consumers League
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- Progressive Women Muller vs. Oregon 1908 Louis D. Brandeis
Called for special protection of women at the workplace Lochner vs.
New York 1905 Ruled against the 10 hour day for bakers This was
overruled again in 1917 Triangle Shirtwaist Company 1911 Fire; 146
workers died. Large outcry from Led to much needed and stronger
laws regulating sweatshops Women went after the saloons,
prohibition movement which went hand in hand with anti prostitution
movement WTCU Womens Temperance Christian Union By 1914 nearly one
half of the population lived in dry territory and nearly
three-fourths of the total are had outlawed saloons 1919-Eighteenth
Amendment-Prohibition! Muller vs. Oregon 1908 Louis D. Brandeis
Called for special protection of women at the workplace Lochner vs.
New York 1905 Ruled against the 10 hour day for bakers This was
overruled again in 1917 Triangle Shirtwaist Company 1911 Fire; 146
workers died. Large outcry from Led to much needed and stronger
laws regulating sweatshops Women went after the saloons,
prohibition movement which went hand in hand with anti prostitution
movement WTCU Womens Temperance Christian Union By 1914 nearly one
half of the population lived in dry territory and nearly
three-fourths of the total are had outlawed saloons 1919-Eighteenth
Amendment-Prohibition!
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- TRs Square Deal for Labor TR feared that the public interest
was being submerged by indifference-so he decided that everyone
interests were his interests The Square Deal-for capital, labor and
the public The 3 Cs Control of the corporations Consumer protection
Conservation of the natural resources Coal miners strike in 1902 in
Pennsylvania Miners were mostly illiterate immigrants Demanded 20%
increase in pay and a reduction from 10 hour days to 9 hour days As
coal supplies decreased the nation was forced to close schools,
factories and hospitals Roosevelt restored to the stick by
threatening to send in federal troops to operate the mines-they
consented to arbitration and in the end everything was hunky-dory.
10% rise in pay and 9 hour work days Roosevelt created the
Department of Commerce and Labor in 1903 Very helpful in curbing
the trusts
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- TR Corrals the Corporations Elkins Act of 1903 Gave fines to
companies and RR that used rebates Hepburn Act of 1906 Restricted
the use of Free passes, RR used as bribes ICC was expanded to
include express companies, sleeping car companies, and pipelines It
was also given teeth TR arbitrarily ruled which were good and evil
trusts and went after the evil ones 1902 Northern Securities
CompanyRR holding company of Morgans Upheld by Supreme Courts and
ordered to be dissolved Over 40 lawsuits against trusts including
beef trust, sugar, fertilizer, harvesters, etc. Busted the trusts
to prove that government still reigned supreme didnt really believe
that they were that bad Elkins Act of 1903 Gave fines to companies
and RR that used rebates Hepburn Act of 1906 Restricted the use of
Free passes, RR used as bribes ICC was expanded to include express
companies, sleeping car companies, and pipelines It was also given
teeth TR arbitrarily ruled which were good and evil trusts and went
after the evil ones 1902 Northern Securities CompanyRR holding
company of Morgans Upheld by Supreme Courts and ordered to be
dissolved Over 40 lawsuits against trusts including beef trust,
sugar, fertilizer, harvesters, etc. Busted the trusts to prove that
government still reigned supreme didnt really believe that they
were that bad
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- Caring for the Consumers Europe banned American meat imports
because it was tainted Upton SinclairThe Jungle 1906 Sinclair
intended to help workers but got food controls Meat Inspection Act
of 1906 Meat shipped across state lines was inspected through the
whole process Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 Prevent adulteration
and mislabeling
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- Earth Control Americans were extremely wasteful in using
natural resources Desert Land Act of 1877 Arid land sold cheaply if
owners would irrigate within 3 years Forest Reserve Act 1891
Authorized the President to set aside public forests as natural
parks 46 million acres in 1890 Corey Act 1894 Gave land to states
if they agreed to irrigate and settle it Newlands Acts 1902 Sold
lands in West and used the money for water projects Settlers paid
the cost with their productive land, revolving fund Roosevelt Dam
in Arizona was the first built Roosevelt put over 126 million acres
of forest in reserves Conservation is seen as his lasting legacy
Preservationists lost out when dams were built in areas like
Yosemite Gifford Pinchot and others thought wilderness was wasteful
but he and Roosevelt worked to find a balance Multiple use resource
management Land was managed by professionals Americans were
extremely wasteful in using natural resources Desert Land Act of
1877 Arid land sold cheaply if owners would irrigate within 3 years
Forest Reserve Act 1891 Authorized the President to set aside
public forests as natural parks 46 million acres in 1890 Corey Act
1894 Gave land to states if they agreed to irrigate and settle it
Newlands Acts 1902 Sold lands in West and used the money for water
projects Settlers paid the cost with their productive land,
revolving fund Roosevelt Dam in Arizona was the first built
Roosevelt put over 126 million acres of forest in reserves
Conservation is seen as his lasting legacy Preservationists lost
out when dams were built in areas like Yosemite Gifford Pinchot and
others thought wilderness was wasteful but he and Roosevelt worked
to find a balance Multiple use resource management Land was managed
by professionals
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- The Roosevelt Panic of 1907 TR won reelection in 1904 but
promised he wouldnt run for a third term Panic hit like others with
runs on banks, foreclosures, etc. TR was blamed for it because of
his trust busting Panic helped push through much needed reform
Aldrich-Vreeland Act 1908 Allowed national banks to issue emergency
currency Paved the way for the Federal Reserve of 1913
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- The Rough Rider Thunders Out Could have easily won another
election but he opted not to runkept his word TR chose Taft as his
successor a mild progressive and his secretary of war The Democrats
put up William Jennings Bryan again (3 rd time) Taft won 321 to 162
7.6 to 6.4 million popular votes Eugene Debs a Socialist got almost
a half million votes TRs legacy Was seen as an enemy of capitalism
but in fact he was in favor of most and helped the capitalists
survive longer Enlarged the powers of the President Helped the
progressive movement and the liberal reform movements of the 20 th
century William Howard Taft Very fat, popular, smartgraduated from
Yale, lawyer, judge, couldnt take over after TR, TR led by force
Taft couldnt do that Could have easily won another election but he
opted not to runkept his word TR chose Taft as his successor a mild
progressive and his secretary of war The Democrats put up William
Jennings Bryan again (3 rd time) Taft won 321 to 162 7.6 to 6.4
million popular votes Eugene Debs a Socialist got almost a half
million votes TRs legacy Was seen as an enemy of capitalism but in
fact he was in favor of most and helped the capitalists survive
longer Enlarged the powers of the President Helped the progressive
movement and the liberal reform movements of the 20 th century
William Howard Taft Very fat, popular, smartgraduated from Yale,
lawyer, judge, couldnt take over after TR, TR led by force Taft
couldnt do that
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- The Dollar Goes Abroad as a Diplomat Dollar Diplomacy Using
American investments to boost American political interests abroad
Urged wall street to invest extra money in areas that the US had
active interests politically Far East, Panama Canal, etc. Dollar
replaced the Big Stick Manchuria Japan and Russia controlled most
of the area and had monopolies on the RR that strangled the region
Taft tried to have American businessmen buy the RR and turn them
over to China, it blew up in his face Caribbean Money into Haiti
and Honduras in order to keep Europeans out Eventually sent troops
into Cuba, Honduras, Dominican Republic to establish order In
Nicaragua the Americans started the rebellion and sent in troops to
sustain it, they stayed for 13 years Dollar Diplomacy Using
American investments to boost American political interests abroad
Urged wall street to invest extra money in areas that the US had
active interests politically Far East, Panama Canal, etc. Dollar
replaced the Big Stick Manchuria Japan and Russia controlled most
of the area and had monopolies on the RR that strangled the region
Taft tried to have American businessmen buy the RR and turn them
over to China, it blew up in his face Caribbean Money into Haiti
and Honduras in order to keep Europeans out Eventually sent troops
into Cuba, Honduras, Dominican Republic to establish order In
Nicaragua the Americans started the rebellion and sent in troops to
sustain it, they stayed for 13 years
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- Taft the Trustbuster Became famous as a trustbuster-in 4 years
brought up 90 suits against the trusts 1911-Supreme Court dissolved
the Standard Oil Company and Taft decided to press an antitrust
suit on U.S. Steel-made Roosevelt very angry
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- William Howard Taft
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- Taft Splits the Republican Party Taft had promised to reduce
tariffs-called Congress into secession-tariffs were reduced a
little but Senator Nelson W. Aldrich tacked on hundreds of upward
tariff revisions Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich Bill-greatly angered
the Republicans because he broke his campaign promises Bureau of
Mines established by Taft Ballinger-Pinchot quarrel-1910 Richard
Ballinger-Secretary of the Interior- was criticized by Pinchot for
opening the land Taft fired Pinchot on the grounds of
insubordination- made the conservationists and Roosevelt supporters
angry Reformist Republicans vs. Taft and the Old Guard TRs speech-
New Nationalism Republicans lost in the 1910 election Taft had
promised to reduce tariffs-called Congress into secession-tariffs
were reduced a little but Senator Nelson W. Aldrich tacked on
hundreds of upward tariff revisions Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich
Bill-greatly angered the Republicans because he broke his campaign
promises Bureau of Mines established by Taft Ballinger-Pinchot
quarrel-1910 Richard Ballinger-Secretary of the Interior- was
criticized by Pinchot for opening the land Taft fired Pinchot on
the grounds of insubordination- made the conservationists and
Roosevelt supporters angry Reformist Republicans vs. Taft and the
Old Guard TRs speech- New Nationalism Republicans lost in the 1910
election
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- The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture National Progressive Republican
League-1911- Senator La Follette the republican candidate-they
didnt think that Roosevelt would run with a third party TR decided
to run when Taft got rid of my policies June of 1912-Roosevelt and
Taft at the Chicago convention 100 for Roosevelt vs. 250 for Taft
Roosevelts ended up refusing to vote and Taft won National
Progressive Republican League-1911- Senator La Follette the
republican candidate-they didnt think that Roosevelt would run with
a third party TR decided to run when Taft got rid of my policies
June of 1912-Roosevelt and Taft at the Chicago convention 100 for
Roosevelt vs. 250 for Taft Roosevelts ended up refusing to vote and
Taft won