CHAPTER 28PROGRESSIVISM AND

THE REPUBLICANROOSEVELT

PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENTReform movement of the EARLY 1900’S

Focused on the evils of monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice

Believed in using the GOVERNMENT to solve these problems!!!!Progressives made up of MIDDLE CLASS individuals

Progressive’s Background?Greenback Labor Party

Populist Party

PROGRESSIVE PARTYProgressives DID NOT believe in “laissez-

faire policy in government!!!!!!

I CAN DESCRIBE THE PURPOSE OF AND HISTORY OF THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

Name given by Theodore Roosevelt to writers who

exposed the negative things about society in the late 1800s

and early 1900s.

1. Henry Demarest Lloyd – Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894), written in protest against the Standard Oil Co.2. Thorstein Veblen – The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), savage attack on predatory wealth.3. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890), told of the harsh life in NYC slums.4. Theodore Dreiser – The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914), battered promoters and profiteers.5. Lincoln Steffers – wrote a series of articles

entitled The Shame of the Cities, unmasked corrupt alliance between big businesses and government.

6. Ida M. Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Co., written against Standard Oil Co.

7. David Phillips – The Treason of the Senate (1906), said 75 senators supported the RR’s and trusts but not the people.

8. Ray Stannard Baker – Following the Colored Line (1908), told of the sorry treatment of America’s blacks.

9. John Spargo – The Bitter Cry of the Children (1906) told of the abuses of child labor.

10. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (1906) exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry. “He aimed at the nation’s heart but hit it’s stomach.”

Early Progressive Writers

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY EARLY PROGRESSIVE LEADERS IN THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

McClure’s Cosmopolitan Collier’s Everybody’s

I CAN LIST EARLY PROGRESSIVE MAGAZINES OF THE EARLY 1900’S

Name given by Theodore Roosevelt to writers who

exposed the negative things about society in the late 1800s

and early 1900s.

1. Henry Demarest Lloyd – Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894), written in protest against the Standard Oil Co.

2. Thorstein Veblen – The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), savage attack on predatory wealth.

3. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890), told of the harsh life in NYC slums.

4. Theodore Dreiser – The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914), battered promoters and profiteers.

5. Lincoln Steffens– wrote a series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities, unmasked corrupt alliance between big businesses and government.

6. Ida M. Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Co., written against Standard Oil Co.

7. David Phillips – The Treason of the Senate (1906), said 75 senators supported the RR’s and trusts but not the people.

8. Ray Stannard Baker – Following the Colored Line (1908), told of the sorry treatment of America’s blacks.

9. John Spargo – The Bitter Cry of the Children (1906) told of the abuses of child labor.

10. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (1906) exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry. “He aimed at the nation’s heart but hit it’s stomach.”

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY EARLY MUCKRAKERS

1. Direct Primary – the little election before the big election, usually held in May.

2. *Initiative – voter-proposed legislation.

3. *Referendums – yes or no ballots, such as wet or dry.

4. Recall – removing an elected official.

5. Limit amount of money spent on campaigns.

6. Limit who could donate to campaigns.

7. *Australian Secret Ballot.

8. *Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment)

9. Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment)

10.Prohibition – abolish sale of alcohol.

* Part of the former Populist Platform

I CAN EXPLAIN AND DISCUSS THE MAJOR GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

PROGRESSIVES IN THE CITY

Progressives focused on inefficiency and corruption in the cities

Problem: Inefficiency in government Solution: City-Manager SystemProblem: Corruption in government Solution: City-Manager System

Galveston, TexasI CAN DESCRIBE PROGRESSIVISM AT THE CITY LEVEL

PROGRESSIVES IN STATES

“Fighting Bob” LaFollette

Wisconsin California

Hiram Johnson

New York

Charles Evans Hughes

I CAN DESCRIBE PROGRESSIVISM AT THE STATE LEVEL AND LEADERS

PROGRESSIVE WOMEN: ISSUES

Women big part of the Progressive MovementFocused on issues like moral issues or “maternal” issues

Florence KelleyFocused on child labor and improved factory conditions (see next slide)

Muller v. OregonSC case that said women COULD BE protected in factory labor work

Women also focused on anti-liquor laws as part of their Progressive reforms

I CAN EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF PROGRESSIVE WOMEN LEADERS

We are the world, we are the children…

A fire incinerated tens of dozens of this company’s female workers.

Put the focus on factory reforms and worker safety laws

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE

Teddy Roosevelt’s political program.

1.Control of Corporations

2.Consumer Protection

3.Conservation of Natural Resources

The Three C’s

I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL

CONTROL OF CORPORATIONSELKINS ACT

Interstate Commerce Act created to regulate railroads—NO TEETHElkins Act gave some teeth by enforcing rules on rebates

HEPBURN ACTGave more teethHepburn Act focused on restricting free passes and bribery of railroads

TRUSTS!!!!!Focus of TR’s control of corporations

Distinguished between “good” trusts and “bad” trustsBroke up Northern Securities Company of JP Morgan

TR known as the “trustbuster”!I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

1902Strike caused by immigrants in Pennsylvania because they were being used and exploited.

Workers wanted 2 things:

1. 20% increase in pay

2. Work hours cut from 10 to 9

Teddy Roosevelt intervened and made a compromise with the strikers”

1. Miners get 10% pay boost

2. Work hours cut from 10 to 9

I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

CARE FOR CONSUMERSUpton Sinclair

Author of The JungleThe Jungle was about the bad parts of the meatpacking industry

Led to….

Meat Inspection ActPure Food and Drug Act

I CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

CARE FOR CONSERVATION

Newlands Act—sale of public lands used to fund irrigation projects

Built dozen of new damsMuch of the US forests put under Federal

controlTR banned Christmas trees from the White

HouseI CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE SQUARE DEAL AND EXPLAIN THEM

Caused by overspeculation.

Resulted in:

• bankruptcies

• bank failures

• unemployment

• soup lines

ELECTION OF 1908

William H. Taft

Hand-picked by TR to succeed himTaft will be the REAL “Trustbuster”

William J. BryanI CAN IDENTIFY THE MAJOR CANDIDATES AND WINNER OF THE ELECTION OF

1908

1. He kept capitalism healthy by steering us away from socialism.

2. He greatly enlarged the power and prestige of the presidential office.

3. He helped shape and move the Progressive movement forward.

4. He helped move us away from Isolationism.

I CAN LIST AND DISCUSS THE FOUR MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF T. ROOSEVELT’S PRESIDENCY

Name of William Howard Taft’s foreign policy.

1.Use foreign policy to protect Wall Street money abroad.

2.Use Wall Street dollars to uphold foreign policy.

I CAN DESCRIBE DOLLAR DIPLOMACY AND WHO IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH

1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff

2. Ballinger-Pinchot Affair (Taft dismissed Pinchot)

3. U.S. Steel Trust

4. Joe Cannon “Uncle Joe,” Speaker of the House, Progressives wanted him removed.

I CAN LIST THE FOUR THINGS THAT SPLIT T. ROOSEVELT AND WM. H. TAFT’S RELATIONSHIP