Transcript of Progress towards Open Standards-Based Agro-Geoinformatics
- 1. Progress Towards Open Standards-Based Agro-Geoinformatics
George Percivall Chief Engineer and CTO, OGC Agro-Geoinformatics
2015 20 July 2015 Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
- 2. OGC Its about turning data into information Copyright 2015
Open Geospatial ConsortiumSource:
http://techcrunch.com/2015/04/01/the-new-queen-of-green/
- 3. OGC What is Agro-Geoinformatics? Copyright 2014 Open
Geospatial Consortium Farming decisions relying on geospatial data
Source: Agriculture Ad Hoc Report to OGC TC Plenary March 2014
- 4. OGC Geospatial Tech and Agriculture Source: The Geo-Green
revolution, Mark Noort and Anand Kashyap, Geospatial World,
September 2013
- 5. OGC Agriculture Geo-Information Exchange Efficient exchange
of data on utilization of farmland, soil and crop characteristics,
water availability, environmental impacts, Many user roles:
growers, advisors, landowners, foodstuff processors, regulators and
all levels of government Major challenges to agricultural: climate
change, increasing population, shortage of water and arable land
Increasing need for information standards to support transparency
in agricultural goods and services markets Copyright 2014 Open
Geospatial Consortium
- 6. OGC Agriculture Info Exchange Environment Agriculture System
Product, Production Information Equipment-based Recording In-situ
and Remote Sensing Maps Geo-data Source: Frans van Diepen,
frans.vandiepen@rvo.nl OGC TC March 24, 2014
- 7. OGC Urgent need for more information on soils at varying
geographic scales Diversity of data makes integration and
harmonisation difficult Soil data needs to be freely available and
in formats that can be readily used for a wide range of purposes
Need for harmonization of methods UN General Assembly declared 2015
The International Year of Soils
- 8. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Fundamental
data for understanding Earth-system processes How much arable land
will be available in coming decades? How much food and fiber can it
produce? How do landuse decisions in one district, country or
region have consequences elsewhere? Pillar Four Enhance quantity
& quality of soil information Global system to monitor and
forecast condition of Earths soil resources Standard ISO 28258
requires tests by a broader community of soil data holders to gain
acceptance and become routinely applied
- 9. OGC ISO 28258:2013 Soil quality Digital exchange of
soil-related data Submodels Project Spatial relation Site Plot Soil
mapping Soil observation Soil sampling Profile description GML
implementation Terminology Feature: Feature type SoilProfile. Soil
Profile elements: horizons and layers Soil feature types Soil body
Soil map Soil mapping unit Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial
Consortium
- 10. OGC SoilML information model scope (features of interest)
Input data - Soil sites/profiles Co-variates Context Attribute
surfaces 90m resolution grid/stack standard depths spline +
uncertainty Site (x3) Profile Horizons Transect Mapped polygon
Components Reference profiles Layers Outputs Source IUSS
presentation to OGC, December 2010
- 11. OGC Confirm with Peter Wilson Copyright 2015 Open
Geospatial Consortium International Activities on Soil Information
International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) Working Group on Soil
Information Standards (WG-SIS)
- 12. OGC OGC Soil Interoperability Experiment International
Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) proposed the IE to OGC in May 2015 IE
Initiators Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation (CSIRO) Landcare Research ISRIC World Soil Information
Participating Organizations Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada,
Agrobiology and Pedology Research Centre, Alterra - Wageningen UR,
Federation University Australia, Geomatics & Cartographic
Research Centre, Carleton Univ. Harvard Univ., IIASA, JRC, USGS,
USDA Open to additional participants Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial
Consortium
- 13. OGC OGC Soil Interoperability Experiment Testing standards
for exchange soils data Soil feature data: soil bodies, profiles,
horizons, and related entities. Transfer between databases,
allowing easy access and analysis. Use Cases 1. Technologic - soil
data integration & publication 2. Commercial & public -
soil sensor data 3. Policy - soil property modelling and
predictions 4. Scientific - pedo-transfer functions Develop and
test a Soil Markup Language: GML encoding Prepare OGC/IUSS
engineering report Demonstration at OGC TC meeting, e.g,. Sydney,
December 2015 Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
- 14. OGC ISRIC - ICSU World Data Centre for Soils Copyright 2015
Open Geospatial Consortium Source: Jorge Mendes de Jesus ISRIC
http://www.isric.org/content/faq-soilgrids GlobalSoilMap.net
- 15. OGC SoilGrids1km Global Soil Information Based on Automated
Mapping Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Predicted global
distribution of the soil organic carbon stock in tonnes per ha for
0200 centimetres. SoilGrids1km Global Soil Information Based on
Automated Mapping Tomislav Hengl , et.al. PLOS one, August 29, 2014
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0105992
Sinusoidal equal area projection to give a realistic presentation
of areas.
- 16. OGC 2www.foodie-project.eu One platform for all the most
common tasks Production planning Production monitoring, alerting
and analyses Subsidies management Environmental burden monitoring
Ownership of farmers data Farmers data are private and sensitive
data Remains farmers property Modularity Customizable and scalable
platform User needsFOODIE project Creating a platform where spatial
and non-spatial data related to agricultural sector are available
in the cloud for agri-food stakeholders One Platform for most
Common Tasks Production Planning Production monitoring, alerting
and analyses Subsidies Management Environmental Burden Monitoring
Project is defining Data Models and APIs
- 17. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
16www.foodie-project.eu Core Data Model Management zones
Interventions Treatments Sensor Data Model ISO 19156 O&M also
VGI Transport Data Model OSM for navigation FOODIE Data Models edge
edge vertex vertex vertex edge edge edge edge Road segment
attributes Identifier, e.g. http://foodie-project.eu/dat/tn/654787
National code, e.g. 43 Road width, e.g. 5 meters Maximum height,
e.g. 2.1 meters Maximum weight, e.g. 2 tons Speed limit, e.g. 20
kmh-1 Surface category, e.g. asphalt, unpaved, HAZMAT limitation,
i.e. flammable/explosive/corrosive/toxic/oxidizing
www.foodie-project.eu Core Data Model class Foodie Core Data Model
v featureTy Agricultural and Aquacultu Site + code :Identifier +
geometry :GM_Object + activity :EconomicActi + validFrom :DateTime
+ validTo :DateTime [0. + beginLifespanVersion + endLifeSpanVersion
:D voidable + includesAnimal :FarmA dataT Agricultural and Aquacul
FarmAnima voidable + livestock :LivestockSp + aquaculture :Aquacul
featureTyp Plot + code :Identifier + validFrom :DateTime + validTo
:DateTime [0. + beginLifeSpanVersion + endLifeSpanVersion :D +
geometry :GM_Object + description :CharacterS + originType
:OriginTyp featur Treat + quantity :Measure [1..*] + tractorId
:CharacterStrin + machineId :CharacterSt + motionSpeed :Measure +
pressure :Measure [0..1] + flowAdjustment :Measu + applicationWidth
:Meas + areaDose :DoseUnit [0.. + formOfTreatment :Form +
treatmentPurpose :Trea + treatmentDescription :C codeList
OriginTypeValue + manual + system featureTy Interventi + type
:CharacterString + description :CharacterS + notes :CharacterString
+ status :CharacterString + creationDateTime :Da +
interventionStart :Date + interventionEnd :DateT +
interventionGeometry + supervisor :CI_Respons + operator
:CI_Responsib + evidenceParty :CI_Res dataType ActiveIngredi + code
:CharacterString [ + ingredientName :Chara + ingredientAmount :Me
0..* +containsPlot 1.. HoldingPlots Data Model compliant to:
Directive 2007/2/EC (INSPIRE) ISO standards 19100 series Open and
scalable
- 18. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
13www.foodie-project.eu Core Data Model class Foodie Core Data
Model v4.1 proposal featureType Agricultural and Aquaculture
Facilities Model::Holding featureType Agricultural and Aquaculture
Facilities Model:: Site + code :Identifier + geometry :GM_Object +
activity :EconomicActivityNACEValue [1..*] + validFrom :DateTime +
validTo :DateTime [0..1] + beginLifespanVersion :DateTime +
endLifeSpanVersion :DateTime [0..1] voidable + includesAnimal
:FarmAnimalSpecies [0..*] dataType Agricultural and Aquaculture
Facilities Model:: FarmAnimalSpecies voidable + livestock
:LivestockSpeciesValue [0..*] + aquaculture
:AquacultureSpeciesValue [0..*] featureType Activity
Complex::ActivityComplex + inspireId :Identifier + thematicId
:ThematicIdentifier [0..*] + geometry :GM_Object + function
:Function [1..*] + userId :CharacterString voidable + name
:CharacterString [0..1] + validFrom :DateTime + validTo :DateTime
[0..1] voidable, lifeCycleInfo + beginLifespanVersion :DateTime +
endLifespanVersion :DateTime [0..1] featureType Plot + code
:Identifier + validFrom :DateTime + validTo :DateTime [0..1] +
beginLifeSpanVersion :DateTime + endLifeSpanVersion :DateTime
[0..1] + geometry :GM_Object [1..*] + description :CharacterString
[0..1] + originType :OriginTypeValue featureType Treatment +
quantity :Measure [1..*] + tractorId :CharacterString [0..*] +
machineId :CharacterString [0..*] + motionSpeed :Measure [0..1] +
pressure :Measure [0..1] + flowAdjustment :Measure [0..1] +
applicationWidth :Measure [0..1] + areaDose :DoseUnit [0..1] +
formOfTreatment :FormOfTreatmentValue [1..*] + treatmentPurpose
:TreatmentPurposeValue [0..*] + treatmentDescription
:CharacterString [0..1] dataType NutrientsType + N :Measure [0..1]
+ P2O5 :Measure [0..1] + K2O :Measure [0..1] + MgO :Measure [0..1]
+ CaO :Measure [0..1] + S :Measure [0..1] + Zn :Measure [0..1] + Cu
:Measure [0..1] + Fe :Measure [0..1] + B :Measure [0..1] + Mn
:Measure [0..1] + Mo :Measure [0..1] codeList TreatmentPurposeValue
+ weed + pest + disease featureType CropSpecies + beginDate :Date +
endDate :Date [0..1] + cropArea :GM_Object + cropSpecies :CropType
[1..*] + production :ProductionType [0..*] featureType Product +
productCode :CharacterString [0..*] + productName :CharacterString
[1..*] + productType :CharacterString + productSubType
:CharacterString [0..*] + productKind :ProductKindValue +
description :CharacterString [0..1] + manufacturer
:CI_ResponsibleParty [1..*] + nutrients :NutrientsType [0..*] +
safetyInstructions :CharacterString [0..1] + storageHandling
:CharacterString [0..1] + registrationCode :CharacterString [0..*]
+ registerUrl :URL [0..*] featureType SoilNutrients + nutrientName
:GenericName + nutrientAmount :Measure + nutrientMeasure
:CharacterString codeList ProductKindValue + organic + mineral
dataType SoilTextureType + clay :Percent + silt :Percent + sand
:Percent dataType ProductionType + productionDate :Date + variety
:CharacterString + productionAmount :Measure + productionAnalysis
:ProductionAnalysisType [0..*] dataType ProductionAnalysisType +
productionAnalysisDate :Date + property :Measure codeList
OriginTypeValue + manual + system featureType Alert + code
:Identifier + type :CharacterString [1..*] + description
:CharacterString [0..1] + checkedByUser :Boolean + alertDate :Date
+ alertGeometry :GM_Object featureType Intervention + type
:CharacterString + description :CharacterString + notes
:CharacterString [0..1] + status :CharacterString +
creationDateTime :DateTime + interventionStart :DateTime +
interventionEnd :DateTime [0..1] + interventionGeometry :GM_Object
[1..*] + supervisor :CI_ResponsibleParty [0..1] + operator
:CI_ResponsibleParty [0..*] + evidenceParty :CI_ResponsibleParty
[1..*] featureType TreatmentPlan + treatmentPlanCode
:CharacterString [0..*] + description :CharacterString [1..*] +
type :CharacterString + campaign :TM_Period [1..*] +
treatmentPlanCreation :DateTime + notes :CharacterString [0..1]
featureType ProductPreparation + productQuantity :Measure +
solventQuantity :Measure [0..*] + safetyPeriod :TM_Period dataType
ActiveIngredients + code :CharacterString [0..1] + ingredientName
:CharacterString + ingredientAmount :Measure codeList DoseUnit +
minimumDose :Measure + maximumDose :Measure codeList
FormOfTreatmentValue + manual + applicationMachine + aerial
featureType ManagementZone + code :Identifier + validFrom :DateTime
[0..1] + validTo :DateTime [0..1] + beginLifeSpanVersion :DateTime
+ endLifeSpanVersion :DateTime [0..1] + geometry :GM_Object [1..*]
+ notes :CharacterString + dateOfAnalysis :DateTime [0..*]
featureType SoilType + soilType :CharacterString [1..*] featureType
SoilTexture + soilTexture :SoilTextureType [1..*] featureType pH +
pH :Measure [1..*] featureType OrganicMatter + organicMatter
:Percent featureType ElectricConductivity + electricConductivity
:Measure [1..*] featureType ZonePolygon + area :Measure dataType
CropType + name :CharacterString + scientificName :CharacterString
+ description :CharacterString + notes :CharacterString +
seedingAdvice :CharacterString + harvestingAdvice :CharacterString
0..* 1..* +contains 1..* HoldingSites 1..* 0..* +containsZone 0..*
+HoldingPlot 0..* +containsPlot 1..* HoldingPlots 0..* 0..1 0..1
0..* 0..* +crop 0..*
- 19. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
24www.foodie-project.eu Two kinds of APIs Open (interoperable,
typically based on OGC and/or INSPIRE) Lightweight (proprietary,
fast) Open So far OGC CSW, WMS, WFS, WCS, WPS, SOS, SPS Lightweight
Following best practices like OGC/ESRI GeoServices REST
Specification REST interface (resource oriented) (Geo)JSON as the
exchange format Initial Development of APIs
- 20. OGC GeoWebAgri Project - FMIS interoperability
Interoperability with commercial FMIS demonstrated with real farm
data exchange via WFS and WFS-T (ISO 19142) Proved that
agricultural machines can request and update field operational data
on-line, in real time and at high update rate using open standards.
Agricultural machinery supporting a web client platform can use
several services simultaneously (scalability) However, complex
feature mapping is needed, i.e. knowledge of the domain via GML
application schema (ISO 19109) used with SoilML and many others
Source: Nrremark, M. et.al., Data interchange between Web client
based task controllers and management information systems using ISO
and OGC standards, EFITA-WCCA-CIGR Conference: Sustainable
Agriculture through ITC Innovation, Torino, Italy, June 2013
- 21. OGC GeoWebAgri Spatial Data Components Implement actuator
Interface InterfaceService FMIS SQL database Web client Electronic
control unit (ECU) and terminal Controller Data acquisition Web
serverGML (ISO 19136) XML (SOAP) Web client Web browser Task
management Data utilisation WFS (ISO 19142) Transactional- WFS
(ISO19142) Source: Nrremark, M. et.al., Data interchange between
Web client based task controllers and management information
systems using ISO and OGC standards, EFITA-WCCA-CIGR Conference:
Sustainable Agriculture through ITC Innovation, Torino, Italy, June
2013
- 22. OGC Sensor Web-Enabled Precision Farming Research on sensor
data infrastructure for precision farming Open source software and
OGC Sensor Web Enablement Mobile & stationary observations from
same infrastructure Source: Jakob Geipel, et.al. Institute of Crop
Science, University of Hohenheim, ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2015, 4,
Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
- 23. OGC Sensor Web-Enabled Precision Farming Collection and
storage of spatio-temporal agricultural sensor data, accessible by
SWE services and user applications Open source software, offering
the possibility to deploy numerous sensor systems and SWE services.
Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Source: Geipel, et.al.,
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2015, 4,
http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/4/1/385
- 24. OGC Real-time In-situ Soil Monitoring in Canada Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada deployed network of monitoring stations for
soil moisture, soil temperature and meteorological data for the
main crop types, soil textures Near real-time data helps
researchers develop better predictive models for crop yield or
flooding using soil moisture values from satellite imagery Canadian
producers can use this information in adjusting their operational
decisions based on changing weather, water and climate conditions.
SMAP Validation Site - Data sharing will occur for the duration of
the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Source: Allan Howard,
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- 25. Locations of In-Situ Monitoring Sites 25 Real-Time In-Situ
Soil Monitoring for Agriculture (RISMA) Source: Allan Howard,
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- 26. Data Collection and Dissemination 26 Data recorded at 15
min intervals and transmitted hourly: Soil Moisture (m3/ m3) Soil
Temperature (oC) Precipitation (mm) Air Temperature (oC) Relative
Humidity (%) Wind Speed (m/sec) Wind Direction (deg) Solar
Radiation (MJ/ m2)* *At some sites Datalogger Telecom AAFC Firewall
Data Receiver LoggerNet & Adcon Gateway Processing &
Storage Server Internet SOS Server Raw and QC Data AAFC Internet
Server Download via User- Friendly Website Download via AAFC FTP
Real-Time In-Situ Soil Monitoring for Agriculture (RISMA) Source:
Allan Howard, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- 27. OGC Soil Observations from UAVs UAVs increasingly more
common and economical for geospatial observations Sensor types on
UAVs Visual RGB camera for soil surface characteristics (Corbane et
al.2012) Multispectral to monitor soil composition (Biasio et al.
2010) SAR for monitoring soil resources (Ouchi 2013). (Koo et al.
2012) Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Figure 1. Left: The
UAS is hand launched At 50 m altitude the autopilot is engaged
predefined flight route. Right. Willow fields The preliminary
results show that it was p homogeneity with high spatial precision
us generated with the UAS, when considering was also possible to
differentiate between provided that single images were used for
were sufficiently large. Source: NJF Seminar 438 Sensors for soil
and plant mapping and terrain analysis, Skara, Sweden, 27-28
October 2010 Source:
https://www.techinasia.com/ci-agriculture-precision-farming-indonesia/
Source:
https://amergeog.wordpress.com/2015/02/19/10-non-aggressive-uses-of-drones/
- 28. OGC SMAP's Radiometer captures views of Global Soil
Moisture SMAP = Soil Moisture Active Passive NASA spacecraft
Rotating 6-m reflector L-band radar and L-band radiometer Global
soil moisture 3 Day Composites of SMAP radiometer data Volumetric
water content in top 5 cm
- 29. OGC SMAP's Radiometer captures views of Global Soil
Moisture SMAP = Soil Moisture Active Passive NASA spacecraft
Rotating 6-m reflector L-band radar and L-band radiometer Global
soil moisture 3 Day Composites of SMAP radiometer data Volumetric
water content in top 5 cm
- 30. OGC SMAP EASE-Grid 2.0 Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid
(EASE-Grid) Global-scale gridded data Defined on WGS 84 ellipsoid
GeoTIFF compatibility Simplified nested grids Data from various
sources expressed as digital arrays of varying grid resolutions
Visualization and intercomparison are simplified, making analysis
more convenient Source: Brodzik, et. al., ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf.
2012, 1, 32-45; doi:10.3390/ijgi1010032
- 31. OGC Discrete Global Grid Systems Copyright 2015 Open
Geospatial Consortium National Nested Grid SCENZ-Grid Earth System
Spatial Grid Snyder Grid
- 32. OGC Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) Standards Working
Group (SWG) Develop common criteria that will define conformant
DGGSs Considering Goodchild criteria Develop conceptual standard to
facilitate data fusion between DGGSs using OGC Standards to make
them interoperable with conventional and other DGGS data to
standardize operations on them Engage stakeholders to encourage new
use cases and adoption of interoperability through DGGSs
http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/dggsswg Copyright
2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
- 33. OGC Geoprocessing for Crop Information Source: GMU, AIP-6
Agriculture/Disaster Engineering Report, 2014
- 34. RFCLASS Remote Sensing based Flood Crop Loss Assessment
Service Systems Online system supported with Open Geospatial Web
services OGC WCS, WMS, WFS are the backbone components Crop loss
assessment using crop condition profiles Flood time series analyses
Source: GMU, AIP-6 Agriculture/Disaster Engineering Report,
2014
- 35. GADMFS - Global Agricultural Drought Monitoring and
Forecasting System Low latency information production with Open
Geospatial Web services OGC WCS, WMS, WFS supports data access
Global coverage Interactive query, visualization and data retrieval
Source: GMU, AIP-6 Agriculture/Disaster Engineering Report,
2014
- 36. OGC Cropland monitoring program - CropScape United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics
Service (NASS) CropScape: web access to Cropland Data Layer
products Open accessibility, visualization, and geospatial
analytics Free and open access to digital geospatial data layers.
Utilizes open web standards, supporting transparent and
collaborative government initiatives. Determine planted
agricultural cropland area at the field level for any given year
across the landscape of US Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial
Consortium
- 37. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium
- 38. OGC CropScape architecture Source: Weiguo Han, et.al., IEEE
J-STARS, V.7., N.11., November 2014
- 39. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium CERSGIS -
GMV, 20152015/02/24 Supporting Agriculture Development in Ghana
with Geospatial Technologies Page 16 SERVICE CHAIN Source: Foster
Menash, Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information
Services, www.cersgis.org Service Chain - Kenya
- 40. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium CERSGIS -
GMV, 20152015/02/24 Supporting Agriculture Development in Ghana
with Geospatial Technologies Page 17 Source: Foster Menash, Centre
for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Services,
www.cersgis.org - Kenya
- 41. DEMAND INCREASES FOR FOOD, ENERGY & WATER 2010 2050
FOOD 2010 2050 ENERGY 2010 2050 WATER Food-energy-water nexus risk
The 2050 perfect storm 33% to >9 BILLION WORLDS POPULATION BOOMS
biofuels hydro- electric
http://www.ecoclimax.com/2010/06/2030-perfect-storm.html 20102050
URBAN AREAS ABSORB GROWTH 70% LIVE IN CITIES 2010 2050 DEMAND
increases 50% DEMAND increases 50% DEMAND increases 30% Presented
by Brant Foote, NCAR to to WWHGD WG Meeting Climate and Human
Security Symposium: June 03 & 04 - Univ of Colorado,
Boulder
- 42. OGC IPCC 5th Assessment Report - Chapter 5. Coastal Systems
and Low-Lying Areas Seawater inundation has become a major problem
for traditional agriculture in Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2009),
and in low-lying island nations (e.g. Lata and Nunn, 2012). The
combination of rice yield reduction induced by climate change and
inundation of lands by seawater causes an important reduction in
production (Chen et al., 2012). Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial
Consortium
- 43. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium OGC Testbed
12 Urban Climate Resilience GCAM Model access using WPS
- 44. OGC Standards-Based Agro Geoinformatics with a focus on
soil Information SoilML for information exchange Soil information
platforms Precision Agriculture and In-situ networks Remote sensing
from satellites and drones Big Data processing for decision support
Climate - Food - Water nexus Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial
Consortium
- 45. OGC OGC support of Agro-Geoinformatics Agriculture Domain
Working Group Identify geospatial interoperability challenges in
agriculture domain Forum to identify standards-based solutions, new
standards Discrete Global Grid Systems standards development
Geometric partitioning of Earth surface into cells with identifiers
Enable fusion of disparate data for spatial analysis and modeling
Soil Data Interoperability Experiment (SoilIE) Testing standards
for exchange of soils data Results to converge and mature soil
information standards. Get involved as participant or an observer,
contact: David Medyckyj-Scott
Medyckyj-Scottd@landcareresearch.co.nz and others Copyright 2015
Open Geospatial Consortium
- 46. OGC The OGC Mission Global forum for collaboration of
developers and users of spatial data products and services Advance
development of international standards for geospatial
interoperability. Source: 3d Stadtmodell Berlin Copyright 2015 Open
Geospatial Consortium Source: One GeologySource: Space Time
Toolkit
- 47. OGC Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium Civilization
advances by extending the number of important operations we can
perform without thinking of them. - Alfred North Whitehead
- 48. OGC For More Information Open Geospatial Consortium
www.opengeospatial.org OGC Standards - freely available
www.opengeospatial.org/standards OGC on YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/user/ogcvideo George Percivall
gpercivall@opengeospatial.org Copyright 2015 Open Geospatial
Consortium