Post on 03-Jan-2016
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
- Hydroelectric Hydroelectric
- Solar
- Wind
- Geothermal
- Marine (Wave and Tidal)
- Biofuels (Biomass, Bioethanol and Biodiesel)
RE technology options:RE technology options:
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
Amount of electricity
generated depends
on the height
difference.
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
Technological status mature
Average growth 2.2% per year
Total share of global energy mix
16% of electricity in 2008
16% of electricity in 2035 (potential)
Source: International Energy Outlook 2011
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
0
1000
2000
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5000
6000
2008 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035Year
Hyd
roel
ectr
icity
gen
erat
ion
(Ter
awat
t-ho
urs)
Source: International Energy Outlook 2011
World hydroelectric power generation projection:
Average growth is 2.2% per year
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
2008 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year
Ele
ctric
ity g
ener
atio
n
(Ter
awat
t-ho
urs)
HydroelectricTotal electricity
Source: International Energy Outlook 2011
World electricity generation projection:
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2008 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year
Ele
ctric
ity g
ener
atio
n
RestHydroelectric
Source: International Energy Outlook 2011
World electricity generation projection:
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually free.
No waste or pollution produced.
Much more reliable than wind, solar or wave power.
Water can be stored above the dam ready to cope with peaks in demand.
Hydro-electric power stations can increase to full power very quickly.
Electricity can be generated constantly.
Dams help preventing flooding (following predicted climate change induced heavy rains), if built over capacity.
Why hydroelectric power?
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
The Elwha Dam, a 33 m high dam in Washington state, USA, is one of two huge dams built in the 1910s to power a local paper mill, under the direction of Thomas Aldwell.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elwha_Dam
The reservoir that fills the
valley behind the dam is now known as Lake
Aldwell.
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
River bed is eroded by lack of sediment needed to create suitable habitats for spawning (25 million cubic yards of sediment have piled up behind the dam over time). Water stays for so long in the Lake Aldwell and Lake Mills (created by damming), it warms up to about 16°C (which would have been 0°C in the absence of dam). These high temperatures are unnatural for spawning fish. High temperature also increases parasite populations, which wipe out two thirds of a spawning population. Natural flow patterns (which promote the health of native species and help eliminate non native species) are evened out by the reservoirs and dams.
Effects of dam on river habitat:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elwha_Dam
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
The Elwha Dam is being dismantled since Sept 2011.
It is a 3-year project costing $351 millions.
Removal of dam will restore
the fish habitats, will create an
additional 715 acres of
terrestrial vegetation, and
improve elk habitats.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/110923-elwha-dam-removal/
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
The Three Gorges Dam project in China Installed capacity: 22,500 MW Project cost: 39 billion US$
Length: 2.3 kmHeight: 101 m
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
- has flooded a total of 632 km² area
- displaced 1.24 million people
- washed away 13 major cities (submerging cultural and archaeological sites)
- causing dramatic ecological changes
- used 27,200,000 m3 of concrete, 463,000 tonnes of steel and moved about 102,600,000 m3 of earth.
- when the water level is maximum at 175 m over sea level (110 m above the river level down stream), the reservoir created is about 660 km in length and 1.12 km in width on average, and contains 39.3 km3 of water.
The Three Gorges Dam project
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
The Twin Aswan Dams of Nile river Installed capacity of 2100 MW.
Length: 3.8 kmHeight: 111 m
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_Dam
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
provide protection from floods and droughts
load of rich fertilizing silt are deposited in reservoirs instead of the delta
lack of natural fertilizer has resulted in an increase in erosion of the river and Nile Delta, and an increase in the use of chemical fertilizers
chemical fertilizers have to be imported and thus cost money for the farmers, and it also causes pollution of the surrounding environment due to runoff.
chemical fertilizers contain high levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorous which are harmful to the water resources
The Twin Aswan Dams
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_Dam
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
Barriers in the natural flow of a river prevents fish from migration, alters ecosystems, and threatens the livelihoods of local communities.
The world's 52,000 largest dams release 104 million. metric tons of methane (a greenhouse gas) annually.
Reservoirs fill up with sediment and cost billions to dredge.
Failure of a dam will have catastrophic consequences.
Loss of land as well as flooding of areas such as natural habitats and existing settlements.
The future generations must pay for destroying dams.
What are the problems with hydroelectric power?
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power
Prof. R. Shanthini Jan 26, 2013
Add more information here..
What are the problems with hydroelectric power?
Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power