Process Assessment with Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Treatment Validity

Virginia Berninger University of Washington

Director, Multidisciplinary Learning Disabilities Research Center, Literacy Trek Longitudinal Study, and

The Write Stuff Intervention Project, and School Psychology Internship Program

vwb@u.washington.eduCASP March 4, 2005

Riverside, CA

Process Assessment for Reading with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Real Word Reading in Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6 to 9) WIAT II Word Reading accuracy and TOWRE Sight Word Efficiency rate

PROCESSES:• PAL Receptive Coding (orthographic STM/WM)

• PAL Syllables and Phonemes (phonological)

• PAL RAN Letter and Word (rapid automatic

naming)

• WISC-IV Vocabulary subtest

Process Assessment for Reading with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Real Word Reading in Grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 to12) WIAT II Word Reading accuracy and TOWRE Sight Word Efficiency rate

PROCESSES:• PAL Receptive and Expressive Coding (orthographic STM/WM)• PAL Syllables, Phonemes, and Rimes (phonological)

• PAL Word Choice (orthographic LTM)• PAL RAN Letter and Word (rapid automatic naming)

• WISC-IV Vocabulary subtest

Process Assessment for Reading with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Phonological Decoding in Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6 to 9) WIAT II Pseudoword Reading accuracy and TOWRE Phonemic Reading rate

PROCESSES:• PAL Receptive Coding (orthographic STM/WM)

• PAL Syllables and Phonemes (phonological)

• PAL RAN Letter and Word (rapid automatic naming)

• CTOPP Nonword Repetition (phonological STM/WM)

Process Assessment for Reading with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Phonological Decoding in Grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 - 12) WIAT II Pseudoword Reading accuracy and TOWRE Phonemic Reading rate

PROCESSES:• PAL Receptive Coding (orthographic STM/WM)

• PAL Syllables, Phonemes, and Rimes (phonological)

• PAL RAN Letter and Word (rapid automatic

naming)

• CTOPP Nonword Repetition (phonological STM/WM)

Process Assessment for Reading with Treatment Validity

SKILL: WIAT II or WJ-III Reading Comprehension in Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6 to 9)

PROCESES: • WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension Index• PAL Sentence Sense (silent reading fluency)• WIAT II Word Reading and Pseudoword Reading and Towre Sight

Word and Phonemic Reading Efficiency

Process Assessment for Reading with Treatment Validity

SKILL: WIAT II or WJ III Reading Comprehension in Grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 to 12)

PROCESSES:• WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension Index• PAL Sentence Sense (silent reading fluency)

• PAL Verbal Working Memory• WISC-IV Working Memory Index• WIAT II Word Reading and Pseudoword Reading and Towre Sight Word and Phonemic Reading

Efficiency

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Handwriting Automaticity in Grades

1 to 3 (ages 6 to 9) PAL Alphabet Writing and Copy A and B

PROCESSES:• PAL Receptive Coding (orthographic STM/WM)

• PAL Finger Repetition and Finger Succession (grapho-motor planning)

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Handwriting Automaticity in Grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 to 12) PAL Alphabet Writing and Copy A and B

PROCESSES:• PAL Receptive and Expressive Coding

(orthographic STM/WM)

• PAL Finger Repetition and Finger Succession (grapho-motor planning)

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: WIAT II or WRAT 4 Spelling in Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6 to 9)

PROCESSES:• WISC-IV Vocabulary subtest• PAL Receptive Coding (orthographic STM/WM)

• CTOPP Nonword Repetition (phonological

STM/WM)

• PAL Syllables, Phonemes (phonological)

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: WIAT II or WRAT 4 Spelling in Grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 to 12)

PROCESSES:• WISC-IV Vocabulary subtest• PAL Word Choice (orthographic LTM)

• PAL Receptive and Expressive Coding (orthographic STM/WM)

• CTOPP Nonword Repetition (phonological STM/WM)

• PAL Syllables, Phonemes, Rimes (phonological)

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Compositional Fluency in Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6 to 9) (Prompts in PAL Test Manual)

PROCESSES:• PAL Alphabet Writing (handwriting automaticity)

• WIAT II Spelling

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Compositional Fluency in Grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 to 12) (Prompts in PAL Test Manual)

PROCESSES: • PAL Alphabet Writing (handwriting automaticity)

• WIAT II Spelling• PAL Finger Succession (grapho-motor planning)

• WISC-IV Working Memory Index and Processing Speed Index

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Compositional Quality in Grades 1 to 3 (ages 6 to 9) WIAT II Written Expression

PROCESSES:• PAL Alphabet Writing (handwriting automaticity)

• WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension

Process Assessment for Writing with Treatment Validity

SKILL: Compositional Quality in Grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 to 12) WIAT II Written Expression

PROCESSES:• PAL Alphabet Writing (handwriting automaticity)

• WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension Index and

• Working Memory Index

Further Reading on Importance of Assessment for Treatment Planning

1. Berninger, V. , Dunn, A., & Alper, T. (2004). Integrated models for branching assessment, instructional assessment, and profile assessment. In A. Prifitera, D. Saklofske, L. Weiss, & E. Rolfhus (Eds.), WISC-IV Clinical use and interpretation (pp. 151-185). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. See Ted Alper’s cases from the American School in London.

2. Berninger, V., Thomson, J., & L. O’Donnell. (2004). Differential diagnosis of dyslexia, dysgraphia, language learning disability, and other learning disabilities. In A. Prifitera, D. Saklofske, L. Weiss, & E. Rolfhus (Eds.), WISC-IV Clinical use and interpretation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Further Information on Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Treatment

CASP Workshop Afternoon March 4, 2005

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