Prioritising interventions using EXTRAPOLATEThe Livestock and Fish Dairy Value Chain in Tanzania

Model Elements

Entry Points Workshop for the Tanzania Dairy Value ChainSea Cliff Resort and Spa, Zanzibar 4-6 March 2014

Timothy Robinson and Peter Thorne

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

Stakeholder Groups

• Divide into four groups• Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income• Task: Identify relevant, distinct stakeholder “groups”• Directly affected by the model• Not too many – unwieldy

• Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper• Present back lists and consolidate on computer• Preparation = 1hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes

• Tim and Peter to circulate …

Stakeholder groups should be a group of individuals who face similar constraints and

have a similar livelihood status

Stakeholder Groups

1. Small scale intensive dairy producers (4)2. Small scale extensive dairy producers (2)3. Medium and large scale intensive dairy produce (6)4. Medium and large scale extensive dairy producers (5)5. Pastoralist dairy producers (4)6. Small scale input and service providers (5)7. Medium and large scale input and service providers (7)8. Small scale milk traders (4)9. Medium and large scale milk traders (7)10. Small scale milk processors (5)11. Medium and large scale milk processors (8)12. Transporters (5)13. Consumers (4)

Livelihood status in brackets

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

Stakeholder livelihood status1. Small scale intensive dairy producers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 3.50Mean = 3.50

Variance = 3.25Variance = 3.25

Stakeholder livelihood status2. Small scale extensive dairy producers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 2.68Mean = 2.68

Variance = 3.06Variance = 3.06

Stakeholder livelihood status3. Medium and large scale intensive dairy producers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 6.36Mean = 6.36

Variance = 1.69Variance = 1.69

Stakeholder livelihood status4. Medium and large scale extensive dairy producers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 5.30Mean = 5.30

Variance = 1.91Variance = 1.91

Stakeholder livelihood status5. Pastoralist dairy producers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 4.06Mean = 4.06

Variance = 3.94Variance = 3.94

Stakeholder livelihood status6. Small scale input and service providers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 4.84Mean = 4.84

Variance = 3.29Variance = 3.29

Stakeholder livelihood status7. Medium and large scale input and service providers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 7.06Mean = 7.06

Variance = 0.50Variance = 0.50

Stakeholder livelihood status8. Small scale milk traders

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 3.91Mean = 3.91

Variance = 2.36Variance = 2.36

Stakeholder livelihood status9. Medium and large scale milk traders

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 6.76Mean = 6.76

Variance = 3.32Variance = 3.32

Stakeholder livelihood status10. Small scale milk processors

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 4.50Mean = 4.50

Variance = 0.81Variance = 0.81

Stakeholder livelihood status11. Large and medium scale milk processors

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 8.00Mean = 8.00

Variance = 1.30Variance = 1.30

Stakeholder livelihood status12. Transporters

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 5.41Mean = 5.41

Variance = 3.42Variance = 3.42

Stakeholder livelihood status13. Consumers

1. Low2. ..3. ..4. ..5. ..6. ..7. ..8. ..9. ..10. High

Mean = 4.12Mean = 4.12

Variance = 3.16Variance = 3.16

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

Constraints

• Divide into four groups• Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income• Task: Identify relevant constraints• Directly affected by the model• Not too many – unwieldy

• Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper• Present back lists and consolidate on computer• Preparation = 1 hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes

• Tim and Peter to circulate …

Constraints are things that prevent outcomes being achieved

Constraints

1. Lack of improved breeds2. Lack of affordable credit3. Lack of knowledge and skills4. Poor access to quality feeds5. Lack of reliable markets6. High cost of processing equipment7. High transaction costs8. Lack of business support services9. Dry season water shortages10. Prevalence of pests and diseases11. Inappropriate government regulations12. Lack of functional farmers organisations13. Competition from external milk producers

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

Outcomes

• Divide into four groups• Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income• Task: Identify relevant outcomes• Directly affected by the model• Not too many – unwieldy

• Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper• Present back lists and consolidate on computer• Preparation = 1 hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes

• Tim and Peter to circulate …

Outcomes contribute to livelihood status and are influenced by changes in constraints

Outcomes

1. Increased income2. Improved health3. Improved social status4. Improved access to basic

services5. Increased food security6. Gender empowerment7. Increased milk productivity8. Increased employment

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

Entry Points

• Divide into four groups• Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income• Task: Identify relevant entry points• Can be introduced one at a time

• Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper• Present back lists and consolidate on computer• Preparation = 1 hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes

• Tim and Peter to circulate …

Entry points include any intervention that is carried out to alleviate constraints. These may

be policy, institutional or technical, for example.

Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services

ANIMAL HEALTH:

1.Certification of para-vet practitioners is overly restricted by regulations

Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services

GENETICS

1.Certification of artificial insemination (AI) technicians is too restricted (by the Veterinary Surgeons Act) for efficient delivery of services 2.The regulator of breeding services is also an active practitioner. What is the optimal public-private-partnership (PPP) for delivery of breeding services?3.Animal registration, recording and evaluation are administered by too many bodies4.Animal registration, performance recording and genetic evaluation are administered solely by a government agency with inadequate capacity to deliver on the service. What is the optimal PPP for this?5.Animal Breeding Bill needs to be submitted to Attorney General6.Brucellosis needs to be made a notifiable disease so testing and control are made mandatory and publicly funded7.There is no information system capturing livestock identification, registration, recording for breeding improvement and traceability

Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services

FEEDS

1.Compounded feed standards are variable and are based on recommendation of cattle with high genetic composition. Related technical question is how to develop recommendations that take into account genetic potential of cattle2.Feed quality is variable in spite of the standards i.e. poor enforcement of standards and lack of stakeholders participation3.Sourcing and importation of forage seeds are heavily controlled by the government thus restricting free flow4.Training and certification of small scale forage seed producers are currently restricted5.Certification of small scale compounded feed producers who are currently considered illegal (this restricts opportunities to grow markets and improve quality)

Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services

VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT

1.Lack of stakeholder controlled small-scale dairy traders’ and business providers’ associations to contribute to empowerment of their members

Candidate Entry Points

A. Establish innovation platforms for learning and sharing across the value chain

B. Build capacity of farmers organisations to support improved feeding practices

C. Government support for vertical integration in the dairy value chain

D. Stimulating private sector participation in the provision of breeding services.

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

The process

• Define stakeholders• Assign livelihoods (clicker)• List constraints• Identify outcomes• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table)• Impact of constraints on outcomes (table)• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table)

• Identify entry points / policy interventions• Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary)• Relevance of interventions to constraints (plenary)

Relevance:A to B

0 Not relevant1 ..2 ..3 ..4 ..5 ..6 ..7 ..8 ..9 Extremely relevant