PRIMARY SECTOR

FISHING

FISHING• Definition• Types of fishing: deep-sea and shallow-see fishing.• Fishing techniques

o Trawlingo Seiningo Driftnettingo Handliningo Fishtraps

• Commercial fishing• Problems on fishing

• Main solutions for overfishing: EEZ, quotas, aquacultureo Raft culture o Shellfish fishing in Galicia

Definition

• Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. By extension, the term fishing is also aplied to hunting for other aquatic animals such as various types of shellfish.

Types of fishing

• Deep sea fishing •Shallow water fishing

Fishing techniques

• Trawling: is a method of fishing that involves actively pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.

Fishing techniques

• Seining: a seine is a large fishing net that hangs vertically in the water by attaching weights along the botton edge and floats along the top.

Fishing techniques:gillnetting

• A gillnet is a wall of netting set in a straight line, equipped with weights at the bottom and floats at the top, and is usually anchored at each end.

Fishing techniques:gillnetting

• Fish swim through the virtually invisible netting, and are entangled when their gills are caught in the webbing, hence the name gillnetting.

Fishing techniques

• Fishing lines: fish are caught with a fishing line by encouraging a fish to bit upon a fish hook or a gorge that is buried in the bait. Long line fishing is a commercial fishing technique that uses hundreds or even thousands of baited hooks hanging from a single line.

Fishing techniques

• Fishtraps: pot-traps are baited to atract fishes and periodically lifted. Pots are weighted to rest on the bottom, with marked buoys at the surface. They are typically used to catch crustaceans.

Commercial fishing

• Commercial fishing methods have become very efficient using large nets and sea-going processing factories.

Commercial fishing

• The development of refrigeration and freezing technologies transformed the commercial fishing industry: fishing vessels could be larger, spending more time away from port and therefore accessing fish stocks at a much greater distance..

Problems on fishing

Pollution Overfishing

Main solutions for overfishing

• Creating exclusive economic zones (EEZ), an area extending 200 nautical miles seaward from the coast in which a country has sovereign rights to explore and explote marine resources.

• Restrictions or quotas. International treaties limit the fishing effort.

• Aquaculture

Aquaculture

• Aquaculture is the cultivation of the natural produce of water (such us fish or shellfish). Fish farming is a common kind of aquaculture.

Raft culture: mussel aquaculture

• The traditional raft system consist in a wooden structure with rectangular shape, and with 4 or 5 floaters, made witn still and covered with glass fiber. There are new designs made of polyethilene.

Mussel aquaculture in Galicia

• The EU produces about 660.000 mt of mussels every year, of those about 300.000 mt are produced in Spain, with a 96% in Galicia.

Shellfish fishing

• A very important activity in Galicia is also shellfish fishing. It can be on-boat or on-foot.

Semi-farming on-foot shellfish fishing

• On-foot shellfing fishing is made above all by women. A way to improve production is semi-farming.