Post on 20-Feb-2022
TOP 20 DRUGS
A team of leading scientists spent two years analysing
the effects of 20 of Britain’s most widely used drugs, and
have devised a scientifically rigorous – and controversial
– new ranking for them
The following three factors were considered in ranking
the harmfulness of each drug that was evaluated:
• Physical harm to the user
• Addictive potential of the drug
• The drug's overall impact on society
• Ketamine Alcohol Alkyl nitrates Cocaine Barbituates Anabolic steroids Ritalin Street methadone 4-mtr Amphetamine Khat Solvents Buprenorphine Heroin Ecstacy GHB LSD Tobacco Cannabis Benzodiazepines
TOP 20 DRUGS
7. BENZODIAZEPINES
8. AMPHETAMINE
9. TOBACCO
10. BUPRENORPHINE
11. CANNABIS
12. SOLVENTS
13. 4-MTA
TOP 20 DRUGS
14. LSD
15. RITALIN
16. ANABOLIC STEROIDS
17. GHB
18. ECSTASY
19. ALKYL NITRATES
20. KHAT
BenzodiazepinesClass C. A hypnotic relaxant used to treat anxiety and insomnia. Includes drugs such as diazepam, temazepam and nitrazepam.
CANNABISClass B. A psychoactive drug recently appearing in stronger forms such as "skunk". The subject of intense controversy over its long-term effects and capacity for inducing schizophrenia. 0 deaths ever directly attributed to cannabis use.
STATISTICS
• 166 problem drinkers
• 124 problem drug users
• 89 problem heroin users
• 132 new problem substance users
Stepping stones to change
• Preventative work
• Harm minimisation
• Problem drug and alcohol use
• Families Affected By
• Newly problem drug and alcohol free
• Ex problem users
69 YOUNG PEOPLE (under 25)
3330
1
5
1416
33
1 1
53
32
26
3 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Own Substance Misuse Issues
CADSS Client's Own Substance Misuse Issue Profile
Opiates
Benzos
Over the Counter Meds
Legal Prescribed Drugs
Illegal Prescribed Drugs
Stimmulants
Cannabis
Hallucinogenics
Volitile Sub. (Glue/Gas)
Alcohol
Poly Drug Use
IV Injecting
IV Injecting Injury
Child Protection
67 YOUNG PEOPLE (under 25)
48
34
4
1
25
18
35
1 1
51
32
38
108
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Own Substance Misuse Issues
CADSS Client's Own Substance Misuse Issue ProfileOpiates
Benzos
Over the Counter Meds
Legal Prescribed Drugs
Illegal Prescribed Drugs
Stimmulants
Cannabis
Hallucinogenics
Volitile Sub. (Glue/Gas)
Alcohol
Poly Drug Use
IV Injecting
IV Injecting Injury
Child Protection
School-Based Drug Education
• Information based approaches
• Affective approaches – including enhancement of interpersonal and communication skills and self-esteem
• Information based plus affective approaches
• Psychosocial approaches – including peer refusal skills and life skills training
• Alternative approaches – provision of drug-free activities
Are young people simply ‘doing what we did’?
• They begin drinking earlier• They drink more, more often• They now drink spirits
VODKA:• The spirit of choice for our young women• Vodka advertising of e.g., Absolute or Alcopops
responsible for 14,900 increase in vodka sales in 20 years and 20% rise in 5 years in UK
• As alcohol sales have fallen, sale of vodka is on the rise
Different effects of alcohol in adults and adolescents
• Young people are more susceptible to effects related to learning and memory (blackouts)
• Are less likely to be affected by the sedation effects caused by alcohol
• Young people are far more likely to experience complete absence of memory with no possibility of retrieval
• Young people are able to drink for longer than adults
How do we assist young people?
If we really want to make a difference we are going to have to change community attitudes:
• If young people are getting different messages from parents and others it is not going to be effective
• Pouring money into the ‘youth alcohol issue’ is not going to make any difference if parents continue inappropriate use of alcohol (or drugs)
ATTRIBUTES OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Some of the attributes of young people that affect how we work with them include:
• Remember, their brains have not fully developed and in essence, they are ‘missing’ a part of their brain
• They feel they will live forever and can take risks without consequences
• They don’t believe what happens to others will happen to them
• They have a limited attention span and a different concept of time
• They lack experience of communal responsibility
SUMMARY
• Young people are not a homogenous group –different ages, cultural groups, socio-economic status
• We are still learning about the adolescent brain and young people’s capacity to understand risk and so......
• We need to rethink the way we have provided messages to young people – how do they see the world? What messages are they likely to accept?
CADSS SERVICES
• ONE-TO-ONE SUPPORT
• COUNSELLING
• CARE PLANNING
• DAY PROGRAMME and ACTIVITIES PROGRAMME
• AFTERCARE SERVICES
• EDUCATION IN MOST OF SHETLAND SCHOOLS
• DRUG AND ALCOHOL AWARENESS TRAINING
• OUTREACH
• NEEDLE EXCHANGE SERVICE
• GROUP WORK
• FAMILY SUPPORT GROUP
CADSS SERVICES
• FAMILY SUPPORT SERVICE
• STRATEGIC PLANNING GROUPS
• YOUNG PERSON’S SERVICES
• AWARENESS RAISING
• RESEARCH
• SHARED-CARE PRESCRIBING SERVICES
• PARTNERSHIP WORKING/LIAISON
• PRE AND POST TEST HEP AND HIV COUNSELLI NG
• BLOOD BORNE VIRUS TRAINING
• DRUG TREATMENT AND TESTING ORDERS
• DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING