PRESENTATION ON DPR FOR WHOLESALE MARKETS SELECTION OF SITES & DESIGNING &

PLANNINGBY

DR. J.S. YADAVCEO-cum- PRESIDENT-PFFPL, NEW DELHI

DIRECTOR, WORLD UNION OF WHOLESALE MARKET15-09-2015

World scenario of Wholesale Markets•The study (2014) presents results on management pattern, ownership, changes, challenges and future areas of concern of wholesale markets.

•Food Market Ownership73% Public10% Joint/ Public Private17% Private

• Management57% Shareholding by Public23% Shareholding by Joint20% Shareholding by Private

•Expansion & Relocation during last 5 years

45% of markets have remained static (done nothing)

14% have relocated41% have expanded

•Important Areas where dramatic changes happened during last 5years

Waste ManagementInformation TechnologyFood Hygiene

Logistics Infrastructure

Temperature ControlCompliance of Laws & RegulationMarket MaintenanceFood Packaging Financial ManagementProfessional Training

• Major Problems likely in next 5yearsWaste ManagementNew Laws & Food Standards/ Hygiene

StandardsCompletion/ shifting trade/retail-wholesale

linkagesProject FundingLack of Market SpaceImplementation of TechnologyChanging Consumer HabitGreen InitiativesEconomic crisis and Capital Movement

Deficiencies directly related to inadequate market buildings, location and layout

• Traffic congestion in and near the existing market because of inadequate streets and parking area.

• Insufficient loading and unloading space

• Unsuitable buildings for storage and selling operations

• Poor sanitation and dirty premises arising from unsuitable layout and lack of space

• High handling costs resulting from a dearth of appropriate facilities, such as mechanical aids

• Lack of garbage disposal facilities

• Facilities for providing protection to produce from direct sunlight, rain, etc. not available (leading to high post harvest losses)

• Space not utilized in an organized manner (badly planned)

• Toilets and water points unavailable

Existing markets need to be analyzed for their

• Volume of arrivals

• Level of transit trade

• Pattern of vehicular traffic

• Traders profile

• Other parameters which determine the planning and designing of wholesale markets

Selection of Site•To analyze Road Load Factor

• Network Pattern CCs & VACs• Flow Pattern Analysis• To sketch road locations of each feeding line• To identify upstream & downstream service index

10+12%

10+25%

15+35%↗{50%}

2+8%CITY

Designing & Planning Parameters -- FAO Recommendations

•*Per trader area allocated : 100 sqm

•Cleaner’s store + guard house : 20-30 sqm

•Private toilets: 2sqm/25 market employees

•Public Toilets: 2sqm/1000 peak pd. Market users

•General pedestrian circulation, such as main walkways: 10%•Overall site area required to accommodate the covered space should be in the ratio of between 1:4 & 1:3

Contd…

• i.e for every sqm of covered sales an additional 3-4sqm of site would be required.

•Site covered by buildings should be around 20-30% road space and parking between 50-60% & other uses including drain reserves 10-20% of tot area (Pg.32).

•An approach based on overall annual through - put, a range of 10-20 tons/sqm of covered sales space is desirable (Pg.30).

Contd…

• An optimum overall annual turnover per square meter of sales area should usually range from 10-25 metric tons, including an allowance for main circulation areas (display/buyers’ walk and loading platforms) (Pg.144).

• Space requirement for washing, packing and grading: additional 1sqm/ton of throughput (Pg.31)

• Office space for market management staff: 5% of commercial sales space (Pg.31)

Contd..

• Area for basic support facilities (security, toilets, etc.) for management staff: 5% of commercial sales space (Pg.31).

• Area utilized for banking, Post Office, extension services, farm input shops: 10% of the commercial sales space. (Pg.31).

• For trucks, pick-ups and private cars: 3 spaces/100sqm of sales area, peak period: 5 spaces/100sqm of sales area (Pg.35)

Contd…

• Fire hydrants spaced at approximately 30 mt. Intervals encircling the main building and around the site periphery. In designing the water supply system a minimum fire fighting flow of 34 litres per second should be aimed for (Pg.179).

• 1 fire bucket/ 100sqm of floor area (Pg.179)

• 1 fire extinguisher/600 sqm floor area (Pg.179)

• Contd…

• Internal fire hydrants to open-market sheds, served from overhead gravity fed tanks to a minimum pressure of 3 kg/cm2. The hydrants should be provided with wall-mounted hose reels to serve a maximum radius of 30 meters. (Pg.179)

• For sewerage systems use a water-borne gravity system (typically 150-200mm diameter pipe work) 9Pg-180).

Contd…

• Septic Tank size for a market with an annual turnover of 40,000 tons might around 26m3 capacity (7.7x3.4x1.7m depth) (Pg.180)

• Septic Tank size for a market with an annual turnover of 40,000 tons might around 26m3 capacity (7.7x3.4x1.7m depth) (Pg.180)

Contd…

• Larger market sites will need to be served with their own high-tension supply of usually 11kv. A transformer is normally required, typically 300 KVA, which can be a double-pole mounted type or one located within building (Pg.181)

• Water requirement assuming a medium demand: 41t/sqm (Pg.178)

• Standards for the provision of sanitary fittings at markets (Pg.181)

Contd…

• Preferred minimum clear vertical dimension for market halls is 5 meters, which will allow small fork-lifts or powered pallet-trucks to be used in the future (Pg.157).

• Minor spaces, such as offices and other ancillary uses should have a minimum height of 2.4 meters (Pg.158)

• Door openings through which fork lift trucks my need to pass should be a minimum of 4.2 meters high and preferably 6 meters in width (Pg.158).

Contd…

• Market buildings are often raised 0.9 – 1.2 meters to facilitate loading platforms (Pg.158)

• The desirable maximum distance from a parking space to a market building should be 100 meters, but it may be necessary to adopt a figure of 200 meters for peak parking in overspill areas (Pg.162).

Contd…

• The location of the septic tank should be away from any adjacent sensitive uses and close to the existing surface-water discharge. A minimum distance of 30 meters should be maintained from any well, 7.5 meters from streams, 3 meters from water pipes and 1.5 meters from buildings or boundaries 9 (Pg.167).

• Internal lighting levels to buildings need to be a high standard of luminance, with a minimum of 500 lux and preferably 1000 lux to counteract the brighter natural lighting likely to be found outside (Pg.183) contd..

• **Produce handled per metre square per annum: 15-25 tons (Pg.20)

• The rows of wholesale stores of large and medium scale whoelsalers is usually between 100-200 meters (Pg.27).

• Parking and roads may take upto three quarters of the total area occupied by the market (Pg.35)

• The distance between two rows of stalls varies generally between 40-60 meters (Pg.38)

Contd…

•Space estimation for crate storage: 100 crates per square metre if 4 boxes with a height of 0.25 metres are stored per square metre. The total storage height will be 6 metres (Pg.42).

• In order to allow a smooth traffic flow, the main road may have to consist of four, or even six lanes, each of a width of 3.50 metres, depending upon the traffic flow (Pg.38).

• Contd…

• Estimate of parking area required (sqm) : (Pg.35)

• Light Vehicles (1.5 to 3 tons) : 36

• Cars (taxis, vehicles of personnel) : 22

• Supply Vehicles (6 tons) : 50

• Supply Vehicles (13 tons) : 100

• *Ref. Manual “Wholesale Markets Planning and Design Manual”, FAO, 1991

• **Ref. Manual “Planning of Urban Wholesale Markets for Perishable Food, FAO, Rome (1976)

Contd…

Parameters Bangalore

Azadpur

Jaipur Hyderabad

Gwailor Pune Safal FAO Standards

Sales area as percentage of tot. area

21.54% 18.45% 14.62%

12% 2% NA 5% …

Per trader area allotted

21.18 sqm

30.76 sqm

109.59 sqm

NA NA NA 27.45 sqm

100.sqm

Tot. Parking & Circulation as a percentage of total area

16.34% 21% NA 62% 15% 50% NA 60%

Water consumption per meter square of tot. area per day

0.31 lts 1.75 lts 0.018 lts

NA NA NA 0.89 lts 4 lts

Produce handled per meter square per annum of sales area in MT’s

33.23 186.76 5.24 33.33 17.88 NA 5.25 10 to 25 MT’s

Area covered by buildings as a percentage of tot. area

NA 1.98% NA 13% 3% NA NA 20 to 30%

Area under other reserves as a percentage of tot. area

NA NA NA NA NA 8% NA 10 to 20%

No. of toilets per 100 persons

NA NA NA NA NA NA 36 4

COMPARISON OF MARKETS WITH FAO STANDARDS

Parameters Bangalore Azadpur

Jaipur Hyderabad

Gwailor Pune Safal FAO Standards

Sales area as percentage of tot. area

21.54% 18.45% 14.62% 12% 2% NA 5% 12.27%

Per trader area allotted

21.18 sqm

30.76 sqm

109.59 sqm

NA NA NA 27.45 sqm

47.25 sqm

Tot. Parking & Circulation as a percentage of total area

16.34% 21% NA 62% 15% 50% NA 32.87%

Water consumption per meter square of tot. area per day

0.31 lts 1.75 lts 0.018 lts

NA NA NA 0.89 lts 0.74 lts

Produce handled per meter square per annum of sales area in MT’s

33.23 34.46 5.24 33.33 17.88 NA 5.25 21.57

Area covered by buildings as a percentage of tot. area

NA 1.98% NA 13% 3% NA NA 6%

Area under other reserves as a percentage of tot. area

NA NA NA NA NA 8% NA 8%

No. of toilets per 100 persons

NA NA NA NA NA NA 36 36

ACTUAL AND AVERAGE DATA FOR DIFFERENT PARAMETER