• present part. Verb end in –ing

• act as nounsExamples:• Painting is my hobby. (subject)• Harold has always hated gardening.

• begin with a gerund• act as nouns (S, DO, PN,

OP)Examples:• Writing a novel is hard work! • George thinks sleeping through class is normal.

• Find the gerund or gerund phrases in the following sentences and label them as S, DO, PN,

or OP1. After listening to ghost stories, the three girls were scared.2. Falling asleep was difficult too.3. Imagine sleeping without dreams.4. The best idea she had was ignoring all spooky noises.

1. After listening to ghost stories, the three girls were scared. (OP)2. Falling asleep was difficult too. (S)3. Imagine sleeping without dreams. (DO)4. The best idea she had was ignoring all spooky noises. (PN)

• form of a verb that acts as an adjective

• can end in –ing, -ed, or irregularly

Examples:• The wheel has a broken spoke.• The deck has fifty-two playing cards.

• begin with a participle• modify nouns or

pronounsExamples:• The teacher, having retired, could now travel.• The man running slowly still finished the race.

• Find the participle or participial phrases in the following sentences and the words they modify1. The frightened child was crying loudly.2. That squeaking door needs to be oiled.3. Blistered and burnt, the girl was in pain.4. Taking my time, I was able to hit the

basket with my first shot.

1. The frightened child was crying loudly.2. That squeaking door needs to be oiled.3. Blistered and burnt, the girl was in pain.4. Taking my time, I was able to hit the

basket with my first shot.

• to plus a verb (to eat, to dance)• act as adjectives, adverbs, or

nounsExamples:• Martians might use flying saucers to invade Earth. (adv)• He wants to start right away. (n)

• begin with an infinitive• act as adjectives, nouns, or

adverbsExamples:• My dream is to live on Mars. (n) • Some scientists believed Mars to be

inhabited. (adj)

Find the infinitive or infinitive phrases in the following sentences and label them as

nouns, adverbs, or adjectives.1. Science fiction authors write to

scare their readers.2. He asked to not be disturbed.3. Joe is the man to see about the job.4. This must be the best route to take.

1. Science fiction authors write to scare their readers. Adv

2. He asked to not be disturbed. Noun - DO

3. Joe is the man to see about the job. Adj

4. This must be the best route to take. Adj

Practice with your GroupPractice with your GroupWrite one sentence that contains a gerund Write one sentence that contains a gerund or gerund phrase.or gerund phrase.Write one sentence that contains a Write one sentence that contains a participle or participial phrase.participle or participial phrase.Write one sentence that contains an Write one sentence that contains an infinitive or infinitive phrase.infinitive or infinitive phrase.

Write one sentence on the white board. Write one sentence on the white board. (table 1, 4, 7-Ger) (table 2, 5-Part) (table (table 1, 4, 7-Ger) (table 2, 5-Part) (table 3, 6-Infi.) 3, 6-Infi.)