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EVS 2013
Final Group Report Presentation
Decoupling of Environmental Pressure fromQuality of Life
March 2013
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The Team DEC
Philip Kuhlmann, GER
Uni: Leuphana Universitt Lneburg
Study: Environmental Science
Status: Student
Expertise: Environmental chemistry
Julia Mller, GER
Uni: Leuphana Universitt Lneburg
Study: Environmental Science
Expertise: environmental andspatial science
Nathalie Smits, NL
University: Open Universiteit Nederland
Study: Environmental Science
Status: research/ project leader
Expertise: Immunochemistry, Food Safety
Christina Schmitt, GER
Uni: FernUni Hagen,
Study: Environmental Science
Status: Vice Presid./ Global Telco comp.
Expertise: Economics, Marketing,
different industries
Charlotte v. Mllendorff, GER
University of Oldenburg
Study: Sustainability Economics
Status: student
Expertise: Economics
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Project Scope & approach
Decoupling
Conclusion
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Scope: focus on energy production
Decoupling is achieved
when the environmentalpollution goes down whilethe quality of life goes up
Assessment of Decoupling environmental pressure
due to energy use from quality of life in Germany, theNetherlands and Romania
Relevance of DEC: decrease of environmentaldamage to achieve a sustainable development inEurope
What is Decoupling?
Definition of term
Project Decoupling of Environmental Pressure from
Quality of Life
Project Scope
Analyzing environmental influence of energyproduction on DEC
Use of specific indicators to measure DEC inGermany, The Netherlands and Romania
Explicit excluded is:indicator of quality of air
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Project approach in 3 steps
Identified challenges and hurdles, e.g.
Project scope to be focused due to project time schedule and project resources Data availability for Romania, NON-EU country
Data access limited (avoid costs for data)
Definition of project:
Define & focus projectscope
Define relevant countries(=students nationalities):GER, NL, RO
3 Hypothesis
Develop research report
Infrastructure & Orga
Define teamwork/
structure, Roles &Responsibilities
Derive
Conclusion
Data preparation(e.g. tables,graphs)
Review of 3hypothesis data
Conclusion
Development ofoutlook
Research
Select data sources
Analysis of indicators:
Quality of life: GDP
Sox , NOx , CO2
Research countries
Data evaluation percountry
Comparison and
interpretation of dataresults
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DEC Members 3 0 (1)* 1
OECD X
EU Member (1952) (2007) (1952)
Population 82 Mio. 21,5 Mio. 16,4 Mio.
Size (km) 356.854 237.500 41.526
GDP / Capita constant 2000US$ (2011) 26.207 2.633 26.653
Average energy consumption /capita 1990-2013 (kWh)
6727 2298 6366
per kWh Electricity(Consumption 2 GWh/year)
0,1127 0,0896 0,0711
3 selected countries
* Team formerly started with a student from Romania. 6
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3 HypothesisHypothesis
Decoupling
Economic crisis has noeffect on the quality of life
(energy reduction)
OECD membershipimportant for decoupling theenvironmental pressure of
energy production
Quality of life changed in apositive way with renewable
energy production.
Target:Analyze effect ofdeclining economicalsituation and energyreduction
Target: verify positiveeffects of OECDmembership andenvironment as well as theenergy production.
Target:Analyze positiveeffects of renewableenergy on quality of life.
Analyze Renewable energy(methods, sources,characteristics )
1 2 3
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Project Scope & approach
Decoupling
Conclusion
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Chosen variables to studyobjective and subjectiveappreciation of quality of life:
Gross Domestic Productas an objective variable
Happiness as subjectivevariable
Quality of life Environmental Pressure
Chosen indicators to studyenergy-related decoupling:
GHG, SOx and NOx
emissions from energyuse per unit of GDP
CO2 emissions fromelectricity generation
Selected
variables
Decoupling
Decoupling
in theory
Absolute decoupling: economic growth is rising while the environmentalpressure decreases or stays at the same level.
Relative decoupling: environmental pollution is growing but remainsbelow the economic growth rate.
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Decoupling results (I)
GHG, SOx and NOx emissions
per unit of GDP and Happiness
1990 = 100 1990 = 1001990 = 100
year yearyear
GDP, Happiness, GHG, NOx and SOx
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Decoupling results (II)
CO2 emissions intensity
of electricity generation
year yearyear
1990 = 100 1990 = 1001990 = 100
total electricity production versus CO2 emissions from electricity production.
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Hypo 1: Effect of economic crisis
The economic crisis has no effect on the quality of life and does not affect decouplingrates in terms of energy reduction.
1
Decoupling could not be observed during the
economical crisis
Graph for GER shows a decrease for the totalGDP of around 100 billion US$ (constant 2000US$) during the economical crisis.
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Hypo 2: OECD membership
OECD membership important for DEC in GER and NL. Decoupling rates of GER andNL higher than decoupling rates in RO.
2
OECD member countries GER and NL perform partly betterin DEC effectOECD positive forenvironmental politics & sustainable responsibility.
Awareness of countries relevant to support environmental global politics bychanging energy-related processes and consumption.
Fear:high risk for environment with new and growing markets, BRIICSRenewable energy production much lower in BRIICS/Rest-of-world than in OECDs.
Fig.: GHG emissions, 1970-2005,(OECD, 2012b: 78).
Fig.: GHG emissions by region:Baseline, 2010-2050 (OECD, 2012b:25).
Fig.: Government RD&D expenditures inenergy in IEA member countries: 1974-2009(OECD 2012b:102)
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Hypo 3: Quality of life and RE
The quality of life changed in a positive way during the time period of the last twodecades when renewable energy production experienced an impressive development.
3
Hypothesis can be divided in 2parts:
1. Quality of life changed in apositive way: true
2. Impressive renewable energydevelopment over the last twodecades: true
This howeverdoesnt assign acausal relationship between the2 parts
share of the total energy production for Germany, The Netherlands and Romania.
%
year
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Project Scope & approach
Decoupling
Conclusion
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ConclusionSummary of results Conclusion and Outlook
Effects ofeducation and informationtransparency could be analyzed due tothe energy use and environmental impact
Idea of development without economicgrowth interesting perspective consumer behavior impact
Sufficiency and consistence strategy
next to efficiency strategy arefundamental for sustainable developmentin Europe
GHG emissions (energy): environmentalimpact of 70-80%
The higher GDP, the higher the use ofenergy, positive correlation
Happiness factor varies, no positivecorrelation
CO2, NOx, SOx directly correlate withenergy production per capita (GER, NL,RO)
Absolute DEC existing in regard to CO2,SOx and NOx emissions
Absolute DEC related to CO2 emissionsnot existing in NL
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Benefits of diversity
Broad and different expertise ofstudents: economics, environmentalstudies
Partly experience with decoupling Students represented twonationalities: GER and DE.(Romanian, Portuguese and Austrianmembers unfortunately left group).
Member activity: differentperspectives, continuous new ideas,solution approaches etc.
Challenges
Virtual teamwork as challenge.Reliability and discipline prerequisitesfor successful EVS study
Team member structure and sizeinstable. Work had to be shifted acouple of times.
Limited support of EVS coordination,(module fee vs value not 100% clear)
Experience with EVS
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Thank You!
Yours DEC Team
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BACK UP
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Project approach in 3 steps (Details)
Identified challenges and hurdles, e.g.
Project scope to be very focused due to EVS & project time schedule and project resources Data availability for Romania, NON-EU country
Data access limited (avoid costs for data)
Definition of project, define Project charter
Project scope(focus: quality of life GDP asindicator)
Relevant countries (=studentsnationality): GER, NL, RO
3 Hypothesis base for research
And develop research report
Align with EVS experts
Infrastructure & Organisation
Define/implement teamworkstructure and Roles &Responsibilities
Schedule project timing along EVStimetable
Derive Conclusion Data preparation
(e.g. tables, graphs)and interpretation
Review and proof 3hypothesis using data
Summary of allfindings
Development ofoutlook of additionalimportant instrumentsand strategies toevaluate decouplingand sustainabledevelopment
Research Select reliable data sources
per country and Europe
Analysis criteria and factors:
Quality of life: GDP asobjective variable
Sox, Nox, CO2
Verify/ falsify hypothesis
Data evaluation countries
Data per country and variableand time period (1990-2010)
Ensure data comparability(Challenge: RO not in EU)
Comparison, derivation and
interpretation of data results
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3 Hypothesis (Details)Hypothesis
Decoupling
The economic crisis has noeffect on the quality of life and
does not affect decoupling ratesin terms of energy reduction.
OECD membership of a countryis of importance for decoupling
the environmental pressure ofenergy production in GER, NL.The decoupling rates of GER
and NL are higher thandecoupling rates in RO.
The quality of life changed in apositive way during the time
period of the last two decadeswhen renewable energy
production experienced animpressive development.
Target: find out / verify that adeclining economical situation theenergy reduction will not be effected
in a positive way. Proof: when the economical
situation gets worse in GER, NL, ROthe quality of life of the populationwill stagnate or even still grow.
Optional relevant factors foreconomic crisis: GDP, GrossGovernment depth, deficit orsurplus, (Youth) Unemployment rate
Target: analyse/ verify positiveeffects of an OECD membership ofa country on the environment and
the energy production. 3 Key criteria for OECD membership
(OECD Strategy for Enlargementand Outreach):
open economy, pluralist democracy, and respect for human rights.
Identify the potential influence ofOECD membership
Target: analyse/identify positiveeffects and dependencies of
renewable energy on quality of life inselected countries.Analyse Renewable energy regard.:
methods and different sources,characteristics like efficiency ofenergy production and emissions.
Also: limits of energy sources to betaken in consideration in entiredanalysis or report.
1 2 3
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Hypo 2: OECD membership (Details)
OECD membership of a country is of importance for decoupling the environmental pressure ofenergy production in Germany and the Netherlands. The decoupling rates of Germany and the
Netherlands are higher than decoupling rates in Romania.
2
OECD member countries GER and NL perform partly betterin DEC effect (base: GDP, emissions) compared to the non-OECD member country RO. NL/GER sustained steady reduction in SOx /NOx emissions that exceeds those observed ratesin RO.
RO performed better regarding the reduction of GHG emissions.
Better performance of NL and GER in reducing air pollution occurs not only out of the OECD membership. Additionally theHelsinki Protocol accelerates the environmental oriented politics and decoupling effects.
Analysis allows opinion that OECD membership has positive effect on environmental politics and sustainableresponsibility of an economy.
OECD member countries are active in several organisations, e.g. GER and NL members of the International EnergyAgency (IEA, 2013), Helsinki Protocol initiated by the UNECE (UNECE, 2013b).
All three countries are member of the UNECE (UNECE, 2013) with environmental policies as one main area of activity. Single relation of the environmental benefits to OECD insufficient. Effects of the different initiatives and activities cannot
be separated as they are not independent. Awareness of countries more relevant for the necessity to support environmental global politics of any organisation by
changing energy-related processes and consumption. E.g. RO entered EU in 2007, started to apply for and fulfil EUdirectives and energy policy and legislation. Positive effects are discovered.
Fear:high risk for environment will occur out of the development of the new and growing markets, like the BRIICS (Brazil,Russia, India, Indonesia, China).Beside Russia (currently non-OECD-member but cooperates with organisation since 1992) none of the BRIICS isorganized or supports global environmental programs of e.g. the OECD or IEA.
Share ofrenewable energy of total energy production much lower in BRIICS and Rest-of-world-countries than in theOECDs.
Not only the IEA countries but all other countries could benefit from the developments and innovations. Centralized
initiatives like IEA ensure the corporation and the bundling of know-how.
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Hypo 2: Effect of economic crisisOECD membership of importance for decoupling the environmental pressure
2
Fig.: GHG emissions, 1970-2005, (OECD, 2012b: 78). Fig.: GHG emissions by region: Baseline, 2010-2050 (OECD,2012b:25).
Fig.: Commercial energy production by fuel: Baseline, 2010-2050(OECD, 2012b: 63).
Fig.: Government RD&D expenditures in energy in IEAmember countries: 1974-2009 (OECD 2012b:102)
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Chosen two variables to study objectiveand subjective appreciation of quality oflife
Gross Domestic Product, which
represents all economicactivities in a nation, asobjective variable.
Happiness, representssubjective appreciation of life-as-awhole.
Quality of life Environmental Pressure
Chosen indicators to study energy-related decoupling according toOECD (OECD, 2002:13): GHG, SOx and NOx emissions
from energy use per unit of GDP.
CO2 emissions from electricitygeneration.
Selected
variables
Decoupling
Decoupling
in theory
Separation of two objects/ actions so that they will work or appear independentfrom each other We studied decoupling between environmental pollution and quality of life Absolute decoupling: economic growth is rising while the environmental pressure
decreases or stays at the same level Relative decoupling: environmental pollution is growing but remains below the
economic growth rate
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Selected variables: DetailsGHG
Primary greenhouse gases: water vapor,carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide andozone
Kyoto protocol
SOx
Wwinter smog, acidification, adverseeffect on human health
Emission reduction agreed upon in theHelsinki protocol of the convention of
LTRAP GER, NL E.g.: Switch from high sulphur solid and
liquid fuels to natural gas/ low-sulphurcoal and flue gas desulphuristion
NOx
Gothenburg protocol, emission ceilings per
country
Combustion modification technologies/implementation of flue-gas abatementtechniques and fuel switching from coal to gas
CO2
Kyoto protocol
Emission trading/ clean developmentmechanism/ joint implementation
Potential in renewable energy
Relevant
criteria/
figures
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j 0 O C S 09
Hypo 3: Quality of life and renewable energy
The quality of life changed in a positive way during the time period of the last two decades whenrenewable energy production experienced an impressive development.
3
Hypothesis can be divided in 2 parts1. Quality of life changed in a positive
way: true, as a rise in GDP is seen inall three countries, and a stagnatedor very small rise in happiness
2. Impressive renewable energydevelopment over the last twodecades: true, the termimpressive can of course alwayslead to discussion, however apositive trend is seen for energyobtained from renewable sources.
This doesnt assign a causalrelationship between the 2 parts
share of the total energy production for Germany, The Netherlands and Romania.
%
year
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