1

Precision Medicine

2

Disease classification

3

Research strategy

4

Information commons

5

Lung cancer

6

Geographical map

7

Smoke exposure

8

Never smokers

9

Worldwide cancers

10

Early stage lung cancer

11

Exposome

12

p53

13

Chronic inflammation and infection

14

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

15

IL-6 and IL-8

16

Genome

17

Chemical agents

18

TP53 mutations

19

Mutational processes

20

NSCLC evolution

21

TP53 mutations

22

Patient prognosis

23

Transcriptome

24

MicroRNA

25

microRNA mechanisms

26

Hypothesis

27

Upregulated microRNA

28

Increased miR-21 expression

29

miR-21 expression

30

Cancer biomarkers

31

microRNA secretion

32

4-gene classifier

33

Meta-Analysis

34

Mechanistic cancer bimarkers

35

miR-21 and 4 coding genes

36

Non-coding RNA

37

Proof of Principle

38

Epigenome

39

DNA methylation

40

Prognostic epigenetic signature

41

Survival curve

42

Metabolome

43

Tumor metabolism

44

Urinalysis

45

Survival curve

46

Creatine ribose

47

Lung cancer risk

48

Creatine riboside and NANA

49

Lung cancer screening

50

Spiral CT scans

51

Low dose CT

52

Unmet needs

53

Precision medicine goals

54

Coworkers and collaborators