Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B Vaccine

Pankaj Yadav 346/11

What is hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a germ

(virus) that gets into your body and attacks your liver.

Your liver helps your body digest the food you eat and store energy. It also helps your body get rid of poisons

Acute Hepatitis B In Acute Hepatitis B ,Most adults who get it have

it for a short time and then get better.

Chronic Hepatitis B Sometimes the virus causes a long-term

infection, called chronic hepatitis.

TYPE OF HEPATITIS B

It is passed by contact with the blood or other body fluids of someone who has the hepatitis B virus.

Being born to a mother who has hepatitis B.

Sharing needles and syringes.

How do you get hepatitis B?

The main symptoms are fatigue, abdominal pain, and jaundice (yellow coloration of the skin).

Other symptoms may include

nausea/vomiting and joint pain

Bloated or swollen stomach

Main Symptoms

Hepatitis A This form of hepatitis never leads to a

chronic infection and usually has no complications.

Hepatitis C At least 80% of patients with hepatitis C

develop a chronic liver infection. No vaccine is yet available to prevent

hepatitis C.

Other types of Hepatitis

Approximately 1 in 12 persons worldwide, or some 500 million people, are living with chronic viral hepatitis .

An estimated 350 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B worldwide.

An estimated 1 million people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications.

Chronic hepatitis C affects an estimated 170 million people worldwide and causes approximately 350,000 deaths each year .

Hepatitis B In the World

Highest rate of people that get it are in the 20 to 49 year old age group.

There has been a great decline in infected children due to routine vaccinations.

An estimated 1.25 million chronically infected americans (20-30% get it in childhood).

Statistics

Chronic hepatitis b infection

Hepatitis B Virus

A member of the hepadnavirus group.

Circular partially double-stranded DNA viruses

It has not yet been possible to propogate

the virus in cell culture.

Properties of HBV

HBV : Structure

HBsAg

HBcAg (HBeAg is a splice variant)

Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase(it convert the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in viral cytoplasmic capsids)

HBV:COMPONENTS

It is developed for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection.

The vaccine contains one of the viral envelope proteins, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

It is produced by hansenula polymorpha (yeast )cells, into which the genetic code for HBsAg has been inserted

The first vaccine became available in 1981.

Hepatitis B vaccine

COMPOSITIONPaediatric Each dose of 0.5 ml contains : 10 mcg of purified Hepatitis B

surface antigen Adsorbed on Aluminium

hydroxide (Al+++) 0.25 mg to 0.40 mg

Preservative: Thiomersal0.025 mg

Produced in Hansenula Polymorpha (yeast)

Dose : 0.5 ml by intramuscular injection

Adult Each dose of 1 ml contains : 20 mcg of purified Hepatitis B

surface antigen Adsorbed on Aluminium

hydroxide (Al+++) 0.5 mg to 0.8 mg

Preservative: Thiomersal0.05 mg

Produced in Hansenula Polymorpha (yeast)

Dose : 1 ml by intramuscular injection

It can also cause long-term (chronic) illness that leads to:

Liver damage (cirrhosis)

Liver cancer

Why get vaccinated?

Children and Adults Babies normally get 3 doses of hepatitis B

vaccine: 1st Dose: Birth 2nd Dose: 1-2 months of age 3rd Dose: 6-18 months of age

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine and when?

Everyone 18 years of age and younger. Adults over 18 who are at risk.

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine and when?

People with life-threatening allergic reaction to baker’s yeast or to hepatitis B vaccine.

People with moderate or severe illness should wait until they recover.

People who should not get hepatitis B vaccine or should wait ?

Severe allergic reactions, harm or death (extremely rare).

Soreness at site of injection lasting 1-2 days.

Mild to moderate fever.

Risks of hepatitis B VACCINE

Hives, swelling, redness High fever Difficulty breathing, wheezing Dizzyness

What is an allergic reaction?

When to expect an allergic reaction? Within a few minutes to a few hours after the shot.

What should I do? CALL a doctor or see a doctor right away.

What if there is a moderate or severe reaction?

There are 3 common tests. HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb. The doctor needs all 3 blood test results in

order to determine your diagnosis. The hepatitis B blood panel requires only

one blood sample but includes three tests.

Hepatitis B Blood Tests

HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen)

HBsAb or Anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody)

HBcAb or anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody)

Types Of Blood Test

This test looks for hepatitis B surface antigens in your blood.

A "positive" or "reactive" HBsAg test result means that the person is infected with the hepatitis B virus.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)

A "positive" or "reactive" HBsAb (or anti-HBs) test result indicates that a person has successfully responded to the hepatitis B vaccine or has recovered from an acute hepatitis B infection.

This result means that you are immune to future hepatitis B infection and you are not contagious.

Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBsAb or anti-HBs)

The HBcAb is an antibody that is part of the virus- it does not provide protection.

Test result indicates a past or present infection, but it could also be a false positive.

Hepatitis B Core Antibody (HBcAb)

Hepatitis B is a leading cause of death worldwide and the primary cause of hepatic cirrhosis.

Available evidence indicates that control of Hepatitis B replication with antiviral therapy decreases the incidence of complications.

conclusion

Thank You….