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EMERGING INNOVATION IN VACCINOLOGY

Marcelo PANIAGODirector Global Veterinary Services - Poultry

Ceva Santé Animale Libourne - France

Evolution of the poultry industry New technology vaccines Immune complex vaccines Vector vaccines Vector “cassete” vaccines Sub-unit vaccines Gene-deleted vaccines Reverse genetic vaccines

Conclusion Sponsors

Content of the presentation

Evolution poultry industry

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Protection against mortality No post-vaccination reactions Reduction of shedding Easy to apply No interference with MDA Long lasting immunity Cost effectiveness Etc

www.poultry.allotment.org.uk www.engormix.com

Protection against mortality

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NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Factors of the evolution of the vaccines

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New diseases

New production systems

New genetics (breeds)

Better understanding of the diseases

New technologies

New requirements from the users

Others

Novel technologies for poultry vaccines

Immune complex vaccines

Vector vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Novel technologies for poultry vaccines

Immune complex vaccines

Vector vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Immune-complex vaccines

Sponsors

IBDV

Production inEmbryonated

SPF eggs

Virus suspension

VP2

IBDV vaccinestrain

Immune-complex vaccines

Sponsors

Specific antibodies VPI (Virus Protecting Factor)

IBDV

+

Production inEmbryonated

SPF eggs

Virus suspension

Production inSPF chickens

Flocks

antiserum

VP2

IBDV vaccinestrain

Advantages & Shortcomings

No interference with MDAIBDV

Continuous protection (passive then active)

Active immunity protects against all types of IBDV

Vaccine virus spreads and compensate (partly) for sub-optimal vaccine application

Administered in the hatcheriesSponsors

Not recommended for layers

Novel technologies for poultry vaccines

Immune complex vaccines

Vector vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Vector “HVT” vaccines

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Non essentialgene

HVT = Vector

HVT

Insertion site

Inserted F Protein gene

HVT

VECTORrHVT-F

NDV

F protein

F protein gene

NDV genome

NDV

Advantages & Shortcomings

Evade maternally derived antibodies

Administration in the hatchery

Cyclical replication in the host expressing the antigen

Continuous stimulation of the immune system.

Long-lasting immunity (latency)

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Onset of immunity depends on the replication of the HVT

It requires good cold chain management (Liquid nitrogen)

Early infection with Marek’s Disease virus may reduce its efficacy.

Novel technologies for poultry vaccines

Immune complex vaccines

Vector vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sponsors

InsertedHA gene

fromH5N1 HPAIV

HVT

Same vector / same construct / different inserts

InsertedHA gene

fromH7N3 HPAIV

HVT

VectorrHVT-AIV

Advantages & Shortcomings

Very quick response to any changes in the prevalence of field virus

Cyclical replication in the host expressing the antigen

Continuous stimulation of the immune system.

Long-lasting immunity

Administration in the hatcherySponsors

Several regulatory issues that have to be discussed with authorities

Onset of immunity depends on the replication of the HVT

Early infection with Marek’s Disease virus may reduce its efficacy.

It requires good cold chain management (Liquid nitrogen)

Novel technologies for poultry vaccines

Immune complex vaccines

Vector vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Sponsors

IBDV

VP2

VP2 gene

IBDV genome

IBDV = Donor

bacteria or yeast

Sub-unit vaccines

Sponsors

IBDV

VP2

VP2 gene

IBDV genome

IBDV = Donor

bacteria or yeast

Sub-unit vaccines

Sponsors

IBDVVariant E

VP2

VP2 gene

IBDV genome

IBDV = Donor

bacteria or yeast

Inactivated vaccine

Advantages & Shortcomings

Possibility to increase the antigenic mass in the vaccines (higher titers)

Reduced cost of production

Animal welfare friendly approach

There is no risk of reversion to virulence

Sponsors

The protective antigen has to be known.

It is necessary to use adjuvants (tissue reactions)

Immune response is limited to humoral antibodies

Individual injection is time consuming and manpower demanding

Novel technologies for poultry vaccines

Immune complex vaccines

Vector vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Sponsors

One or more “non essential” genes for the growth and immunogenicity but related to the pathogenicity of the microorganisms are eliminated.

Advantages & Shortcomings

Safer vaccines from pathogenic microorganisms

Possible application in the hatchery or mass application in the farms

Do not elicit humoral antibody response

Differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA) strategy

Sponsors

Possibility to reverse to virulence?

Limited duration of immunity

Need of revaccinations in the farms

Affected by anti-infective compounds (Salmonella or E.coli).

Novel technologies for poultry vaccines

Immune complex vaccines

Vector vaccines

Vector “cassete” vaccines

Sub-unit vaccines

Gene-deleted vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Reverse genetic vaccines

Sponsors

SOURCE: Zoetis (Fort Dodge) leaflet

Advantages & Shortcomings

Improve the yield in SPF (or clean) eggs during the production of vaccines.

Possibility of producing vaccines closer to field virus (H5N1).

Less risks in case of problems during inactivation.

Differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA) strategy.

Sponsors

Interference with MDA in case of early administration

Immune response is limited to humoral antibodies

Tissue reactions after injection

Individual administration is time consuming and manpower demanding

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USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY VACCINES IN THE FIELD

Vaccine technologies – Duration of immunity

Source: Palya et al. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,158, 105–115, 2014

3 4 6 10 15 25 33 40 55 720

20

40

60

80

100

Clinical protection after challenge

Age of challenge (weeks)

% o

f pro

tecti

on

Vaccine technologies – Duration of immunity

Sponsors24 vaccination interventions

14 vaccination interventions

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CONCLUSIONS

Food for thoughts …

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The poultry industry is changing extremely quickly and it has brought new challenges to producers:

Huge production complexes located in very densely populated areas;

High stocking densities in the farms;

High disease pressure;

Poorly qualified workers,

Pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics

Pressure to improve the welfare etc

Food for thoughts …

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Within this new context, new technology vaccines will help to overcome these challenges.

More efficacious and safer vaccines;

Applied in the hatcheries;

Long duration of immunity;

Able to reduce the shedding of the pathogens

Able to reduce the workload in the farms;

The poultry vaccines of the future should be what poultry producers will ask for!

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THANKS VERY MUCH FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

marcelo.paniago@ceva.com

Marcelo PaniagoCeva Santé Animale - France Director Global Veterinary Services - Poultrywww. Ceva.comEmail: marcelo.paniago@ceva.comPhone: +33 668 54 3931

Contact

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