The Unlverslty oi Georq~a College of Agr~culture Experiment Stations

Research Report 389 May 1982

Postemergence Herbicide Control of Winter Weeds in Dormant BermudagrassTurf

B. J. Johnson

Contents

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intrnductlon 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Vacerlalw and ?4cthodu 2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Hesults and Diecc~usion 3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turf&rasa Toleretrce 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Literature Cited 6

Acknowledgments

The author thanks Verner .limereon, Griffin-Spalding County, krif f in; Charlie Bnderwood, Nortt~wood Colf and Country Club, Lnwrenceville; Len Moon a~rd Raymond Uaites. Georgia Station. Experiment. Georgia for their cooprracion in thesc studies.

CurU. R. JrduicM William C. ~ k l c Arsociate Director Acting Assodete Director

Northem Regkm Southern Region ulln M. Rach.r, Heed, Depammnr of Agricubnd Comrnunicaticms

Poetemergence Herbicide Costml of Winter Weeds in Dormant Bermudagraes lbrf

by 0.1, ldrnroa

Introduction

I t is u ~ u a l l y neccsmry t o include Itsrhicidus to r w e d corrtrrrl in the o v e r a l l management program to i n i t i a t e nnd maintain goad qua l i ty Bewudagraus lsynuddn da-c-trle (L. Pet a . 1 t u r f , Iic~rbLcidrn npplied postemergence t o veedli havc given various degrvcw ot control i n turf (1,2.3,4,5,6,7) . Not only i s vcvd I d e n t i f i c a t i o n important r s ln t ivu t o s e l e c t i n g a herbicide for e f f e c t i v e con t ro l o f mont vnudn, btct the proper i n t e r v a l s botvern n p p l i c ~ i t i o n ~ i n equally important ( 4 ) . Wlrlr the proper s e l e c t i o n of herbicides and treatmetit intcrvnla. w i n t ~ r annuals can be e f f e c t i v e l y control led ( 4 ) .

I t is neresaury Lo continue seerchink lo r t ierbir ides that wi l l con t ro l weeds In turfgrawsro b e t t e r thnn <hrmiceln which nre nuv common- l y used. This is expecial ly Important s ince the r e g i ~ L r n t l o n ol Home comonly used herbicldefi flub been cn~iccl led and uHe ot o ther r may he r e e t r i ~ t e d .

Previous litudien have indicated tha t comblnr~tion treatments of 2,4- D + 2,k-DY (chemical and t rade nemen of a l l herbtcldes dincuered nre in t a b l e 1) con t ro l led corn speedwell QJej-i-nicu a~vptm!ib L.) b e t t a r than 2.4-D + mecoprop + dicamba i n C;c~orgia ( 6 ) . However, moueeear chickweed (Cerastium v ~ l g a t u m L.) was not cons i s ten t ly control led in Rhode Island with 2,4-D + 2,4-DP and the control wse cons i s ten t ly higher from 2.4-11 +

B.J . Johnson i n a professor of agronomy a t the Caurgia S ta t ion , Experi- ment, Georgia 30212. Thie renearch is supported by s t a t e , Hatch, and/or o ther funds a l loca ted t o the Gcorgia Agr icu l tu ra l Experiment Stat ionn. Thie is a report on the cur ren t s t a t u s of research involving use of c e r t a i n chemicals t h a t requ i re r e g i s t r a t i o n under the Federal lnrracticida, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. I t does not contain rsconwendationn f o r the use of such chemicals, not dosn i t imply t h a t the uses discussed have been reg is te red . A l l use@ of these chcr~ ica la must be rag is ta red by t h e appropriate s t a t e and federa l agencies before they cnn be recorarrsnded.

inecoprop + d i c a a b e treatments ( 2 ) . R e s u l t s of s t u d i e s i n V i r g i n i a i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e e s t e r f o r m u l a t i o n of 2.4-0 + 2.4-DP c o n t r o l l e d moue@- c a r cltlckweed awre c f [ c c t i v e l y t h a n d l d t h e same c h e m i c a l s w i t h o i l n o t u b l e aminr (0%) f o r m u l a t i o n ( 1 ) . T h i s i n d i c a t e s t tu l t h e r b i c i d e s n o t o n l y p r r f o r m d l f ! e r e n t l y on v a r i o u s weeds. but d i f f e r e n t f o r m u l a t i o n e of t h e r n u chcmica l m y a l n o cattse v a r i a t i o n i n c o n t r o l .

T c i c l o p y r ( n a l t ) a p p l i e d a l o n e o r i n combina t ion w i t h 2.4-D con- t r o l l e d chickweed i t 1 Wtlodr Ia ldnd ( 3 ) . T r i c l a p y r ( s a l t ) a l s o performed tr irnl lnrly t o 1.4-11 + L , 4 - I ) P on c o n t r o l of c t~ ickweed ( 3 ) . However, t r i c l o j ~ y r (tiart) s ievr rc lv l r t j u red o m l x t u r e of r e d f e s c u e ( F p - t y ~ L . ) , Kentucky b1nc~gr:;uh (P<).I pr>t?n+-i-s 1,. ) and c o l o n i a l ben t g r a s s ( A g r s t i s Lr!!~i~t~ ~ i b t h ) . I t wdu ntrt de te rmined ~f t h e s e t r e a r m e n t a would i n j u r e I c r m u c t r ~ r a h o .

Sitlrt! t r i c l c r p i r and d i f f e r e n t lo rmir ld t lons of 2,4-D + 2,4-DP have wl~own pontular.rRerrcc ~ I L ~ i v 1 t . y on urudu i n t u r f i n t h e N o r t h e e s t . a n exj)erimi.nt wow i n l t i . l t c d t o e v a l u a t e r a t e s and number of a p p l i c a t i o n s of t h e r e ilt~d ot lrer Ilerkiic 1dr;a on 4) c o n t r o l of annual w i n t e r b r o a d l e a f W V C ~ R and on b) c d r l v ~ p r i n ~ nrowttt of B e r m u d n ~ r a s s m a i n t a i n e d a s t u r f .

Muturinls end Methods

l i c . rb ic ldrs werka ,tpiil 1t.d 21s postemcrRence t r e a t m e n t s t o w i n t e r weeds In dormant 8a.rm~1diiyr~1rrs t r ~ r t clL G r i t [In-Sp.tldLnl: County Golf Coutse and hor tttwcrotf (.oil and Count r v Llub a t L a w r r r t r r v i l l t ~ , C c o r g i a . T r r a t w n t s wvre ' rppllcd tc* d i t tcrc'nt p l o t s i n 1980 dnd 1981 a t b o t h locnliollci { t . ~ b l t + n 2 and 3 ) . i'nr,~qtrrtt artd 2 . 4 - 1 ) + mecoprop + dicamha were k c l u d e d as c Itcnrlcdl checks .

I\L G r i t 1 i n t h e c.xpt+r lmc,nrh were conductc.d on t , ~ i r w d v s b o t h p a r % , w l t i l r u t I .awrcrtrcvil l r tllc r x p e r t m c n t s werc cortducted o t ~ f d i r w a y e i n 1980 and rouahn d u r i n ~ 1481. Turf o n t a i r u w y ~ was mowed t o a h e i g h t of J14 i i ~ c b und riiuntth wl-re tilowed t o a ttr-ir;tzt of L t o 3 i n c h e s . Tha a v e r a g e weed popula t io t l ' it ( .r l t i 1 1 1 was 132 p a r s l e y - p i r r t (sph$3_mi&Ld p ~ i _ c S - c c r ~ a H ~ ~ u a i r r Keuter ) , 72 c o r n ~ p e i ~ d w c l l . 182 lrop L Lover (Ir_i_f-ol_isum a g ~ r i u m - L . . ) . utr$ j42 8pur wcrctl ( S ~ l J v r r s p . ) . At L.uwren~cvSlle t h e p o p u l n t i o n was 10% p . ~ r @ l e y - p i e r t . 177. Irr,p c l u v r r . 0 : r h ~ c k w e e d &;$-1_l_~-rrf3 ( L . ) ~ y r i S l o 1 . and >OX t ~ c n h i r -Q,p~ium a.lmp>z~>_!c;i-ulr I . . ) . P a r s l e y - p i e r t wab ev lds t r t at L a ~ r c n c ~ v i l l r o n l y I n 1981.

The t i r s t h e r b i c i d e t r e e t m l t t s ac ( t r i t t i n were a p p l i e d February 11 + 2 duyr fo l lowed bv a second a p p l i c a t i o n on Fchruary 24 _+ 1 day. A t - L a w r r n c w i l l r . t h e f i r s t t r e a t m e n t s were mode February 18 + 5 d a y s fo l lowed by second a p p l i c a t i o n on March 3 + 6 days . Weed c o n t r o l . t u r f a p p c o r r n r e , and t u r f c o v e r r a t i n g s were v i s u a l l y e s t i m a t e d . Weed c o n t r o l r a t i n g s vere recorded 4 t o 6 wceks a f t e r h e r b i c i d e t r e a t m e n t s and based on 0 = no c o n t r o l and 100 comple te c o n t r o l . Turf a p p e a r a n c e and t u r f c o v e r r a t i n g s were made from e a r l y A p r i l u n t i l e a r l y June . Tur f nppear- s n c e r a t i n g s v c r e based o n 0 t o 100 wtrere 0 no g r e e n tu r f and 100 = comple te un i form g r e e n t u r f c o l o r . Tur f c o v e r r a t i n g s were based on 0 - no cover and 100 = comple te un i form cover .

H e r b i c i d e C r d a c m n t a were &plied a n nurfn pl61ts nntl a w b u r of a p p l i c a t i o n s of t h e same h e r b f c t d s w r e a p p l l a d ar a u b p l o t a , t a c h s u b p l o t vas 5' by 8' w i t h 4 r e p U c a t t o n s . The r ramiwntcr w r a a p p l i e d nr n b r o a d c a s t s p r a y 111 u(l .col wdCerlA. A nonlnnii . a u r t a ~ t a n t ( X - 7 7 ) vsrs i n c l u d e d w i t h e a c h trc.ktleent .it 0.5;; ( v l v ) . A 1 1 d.icn wcrt ~ r ~ ~ a l v x u d s t a t i s t i ~ r l l y wirtr d l f ~ C ~ C I I L P K dett.rmiticd hv ISU ( 0 . 0 5 ) .

Results and Uiscuasiort

P~r-~J-$yz~l$-rt, The i : o t ~ i r < t l ( $ 1 ~ ) i t r ~ l t - y - p i ~ r t ' it C r l f l I ~ t wna prr<lr w i t h s i n g l e a p p l l r . ~ t ion of dnv twr t r lc ide ( tnb l r . 1 ) . 'l'url i&;qrl l ~ o t tuna ol p a r a q u a t contr- i l l l e d t h e wtpatfh cinnplt.trlv wlit+rr~:r?r. 83 t o 891, cant r o t vna obtainc?d from tws, ,tl>pl l c . ~ r ii1n:~ of m v c ~ ~ l ~ r ~ ~ p :at 2 . 0 lb iA, L l ~ ~ w < . ~ ~ 290 a t 0. 5 l b / A , t r i i lcipvr ( S ~ I ~ L ) + 2 .4 - i l ( u . ~ i t ) . i t 1.0 + 1 . 0 l h / A J I I ~ ~ l r i ~ l o 1 l v r ( s a l t ) + Dowuc> .!YO .it 1 .0 + 0.25 1b/h. K V I ~ ~ ~ i ~ f tilt- itt111tr ~ . \ rc*~~l i :&l t i c o n t r o l l e d pars1 t .y -p ie r t cf 1et.t ivt.!v .at tilt. 6:rl t ! 111 1~1r.itt I o I ~ . 'fttc rrnlt formul:~Lion of t r i c l ( ~ p y r rt.nultt:d I n 11ip.tlt.r (on t r .01 (1)' 1 ? r i r . ~ l ~ v - { ~ 1 ~ + r t . t h a n d i d r hr. e s t r a r furmu1;lt 1,111 ~ r f i ; t rd lc t i s , ( I ! w11c.t 11c.r . I ~ I \ ) ) led <r lonr ilr 11: cornbindtion wit11 2.L-1) o r Ikpwc,~ 2 9 0 .

111 ~ ; e n t ~ r . i I , Lwo '1pp1 i < < I L Itb115 .tl 1 t~ t , r l ) i c i < i i a > , I ' t t~tr tbl 11-ci l ~ t t r ~ i l v y - p i r r t mort* c l f v c t i v c l y dr 1 , ; t w r e n ~ : ~ ~ v i l l ~ : l t ~ ; ~ n .I( I:r If I i n ( t , r l ) i en 2 , ' ) ) . 'The o n l y c t ~ e m i c : ~ l s t h a t I . i l l ed t o c o n t r o l . I ; 1'+.1~1r 102. t ~ f tile wt3edr wcrc mecoprop + 2.4-1) [w,l tcr s r r lub lc i l m i ~ r t : (UI. ;A)] a 1 l h v Ir~wc.bl r d t r ( O . h l + 0 . 31 lb /A) , t r i c l o p y r r.strar, ;I I ILI l)iIwctr 1 9 0 . 'I hc. ~ ~ l r n r i i b l c rciircor! f o r d i f f e r e n c e s i n ~ ~ , t r s l e ? ; - j ~ l c r t c r l n ~ r ~ ~ i i s t ht* d i l Lur t*nL riot1 t y ~ ~ t . ~ '11 t h e two l o c a t i o n s .

Corn s ~ e r d w e l l . hone uf t h e I~c.rtiic Idc.!.~ 4 ~ l ~ p l 1t.d f u r Lwo y c r t r ~ itL - -- - - C r i f f i r l and L a w r e n c c v i l l e c , ) n t r ~ ~ l i c ~ c l corrl tipeedwell v l f u r t l v r l y v i t h LI

s i n g l e a p p l i c n ~ l o n ( t a b 1 1.s 2 , 3 ) . C ~ > n n l ~ t t . n ~ L Oi~Lrirl (91 907 111' t ~ i ~ t w r w i ~ s o b t a i n e d a t buLt1 l o c d ~ i u n ~ Lrom two ; u p p l l ~ . ~ ~ t fo1~+5 111 j~~i r i l r{ t~ . t t , t ~ I c 1 0 p y 1 : ( s a l t ) , and t r i c l o p y r ( ~ a l r ) + 2,&-11 ( s a l t ) . :.lmii;ir c -on t ru l w i t s o b t u l n e d w i t h t r i c l o p v r ( s a l t ) + I)owco 290 and t r l c li>pyr ( c ~ s t t . r ) + I J ~ I W I . ~ ~ ZOO 4 2.4-D ( s a l t ) aL C r i f f i n . The s a l t lorruulu~.lcrn vf t . r i c l ( ~ i ) y r ( r~rrLrul let1 c o r n s p e e d w e l l more c f f e c . t i v e l y t h a n tlie cci tcr t c~rmulu t l~111 ~ S L ~ 1 r n I I a r r a t e s . Dowco 2 9 0 ilad poor a c t l v i t y on ~ h l n wt!c*d . I I I ~ r tlvrc wctb g!elrsci~lly no b e n e f i t f r o m . c u m h i n d t i ~ ~ n n of Dowco 290 w l t t ~ o r h ~ . r t r e r b l ~ i d e k v i ~ e n compared w i r t ~ t h e c o n t r o l o b t e ined from cdcll c l l c m l ( . ~ l i l lune. Tlrl! con- t r o l of corn speedwel l was n o t improved from 2 , L - 1 ) + I,4-1)l' rc+p.ilrdlrts~ of f o r m u l a r i o n whe11 compared w i t h 2 . 4 - 0 + rnecoproj) + d tc:lmt);l.

Hop c l o v e r . In most instances. d l 1 t ~ e r b i c 1dt.n ~ o r r t r o l l c d hop c l o v e r e f f e c t i v e l y a t Criff~n dnd L a v r e n c e v i l l r ( t d b l e a 2 . 3 ) . The e x c e p t i o n Wab wit11 t r i c l o p y r (e#ter) a t I . awrencc~vl l l r which r e s u l t e d i n poor c o n t r o l . The number of h e r b i c i d e a p p l i c a t i o n s WAS n u t as c r i t i c a l f o r hop c l o v e r c o n t r o l a s with the o t h e r weeds. A t G r i f f i n , s i n g l e t r e a t m e n t s c o n t r o l l e d t h e wceds e f f e c t i v e l y e x ~ e p t f o r 2.4-D + 2.4-DP (OSA), mecoprop, t r i c l o p y r ( e s t e r ) , and 2.4-D ( s a l t ) . The c o n t r o l i n t h e same s t u d y a t L a w r e n c e v i l l e was s i m i l a r r e g r r r d l c s s of t h e number o £ a p p l i c a t i o n s .

Spur waxed, Triclopyr a d 2.4-D + 2.4-DP did not control spur tmed at Griffin with a single application regardless of formulation while two applicatiana roeulted in effective control (table 2). Single treatpmts vitb paraquat and mecoprop + 2.4-D (USA) at 0.63 + 0.31 lb/A controlld 76 and 7M of the weeds respectively. The control was excellent from eingla treatments of other herbicides included in this study.

Ke-tb;t_, A single treattwnt of triclopyt (salt) + 2.4-D (salt) and LWO applicotlons of paraquat, triclopyr (salt), triclopyr (salt) + Dowco 290, and triclopyr (ester) + 2.4-D (salt) controlled at least 90% of henbit st Lavrencrville (table 3 ) . The control was significantly improved vith the aalt furmulatio~~ of triclopyr when compared with the ester formulation. A single treatment of the ester formulation of 2.1.-D + 2.4- DP controlled a higher percentage of henbic than did the OSA formulation. Dovco 290 and 2.4-0 (salt) applied alone or in combination had very poor ecclvity on henbit.

C.h_i_ck?p_~d-. All herbicides had good activity on chickweed at Lawrence- villu except mecoprop ( 5 7 % ) . 2.4-D (salt) (16 to 54X), and Dowco 290 (3 to 26%) (table 3). Two applications of Dowco 290 + 2,4-D (salt) improved veed control moderately (73 to 81f). However, two applications were required of all otl~er herbicides except mecoprop + 2,4-D (WSA) at 1.0 + 0.5 lh/A, 2.4-0 (USA) + mecoprop + dicamba, and paraquat.

S-%jy-.- Maen new herbicidee are evaluated for possible ua$ in broadleaf vinter veed control in dormant Bermudagrass turf, the perform- ance must be ss good or better than chemicals presently used (ta#le 4). Ln this study 2,4-U + mecoprop + dicamba resulted in excellent w)ntrol for three weed species (Imp clover, spur veed, and chickweed). &od control for one weed species (henbit), and fair control for two reed species (pareley-pirrt and corn speedwell), while paraquat resulged in good to excrllenr control of all six weed species included in thse studies, The ester formul~tion of 2,4-D + 2,4-DP controlled fiv* differ- enr w e d s e f lcctively compared with four different weed species for the 2.4-0 + 2.4-DP OSA tormulation. Likewise the salt formulation of tri- clopyr controlled all six weeds whereas the ester formulation coatrolled only 3 Of 6 weeds untlflfactorily. Combinations of 2,4-0 (salt) vlth trlclopSr (salt) improved parsley-piert control when compared with eithor chemical applied elone. Dowco 290 controlled only 2 of 6 weed species in our studies. Combinetion of Dowco 290 vith triclopyr (salt) did not improve weed control when compared with triclopyr (salt) alone.

TSt'taran~e.~ The appearance of Bermudagrass turf in early upring was influenced from selected herbicide treatments (tables 2,3). At Griffin, turf treated with paraquat generally had the highest appear- urce ratings April 26 and Hay 26. This occurred since paraquat controlled annual bluegrass L P s +-n% I..) while other herbicides did not. A similar raaponae also occurred for paraquat st Lawtenceville on b y 2. At Griffin, turf treated vith two applications of triclopyr, Dovco 290. m d triclopyr (malt) + Dowo 290 had significantly more injury April 26 than turf created ruice vith 2.4-D (WSA) + mecoprop + dicmba. By May

26, tbe t u r f t r e a t e d w i t h D o w q 290 had rscovurcNi uheraesr t h o t u r f c r e a t e d w i t h t r i c l o p y r alana olQ i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h 2 .4 -D (salt) a t Dowco 290 had n o t . T u r f t r e a t & cvicr a t L a w r a n c r v i l l o w i t h n r c a p r o p , nrscoprop + 2.4-D (WSA). h c o 390, t r i c l o p y r ( s r a l t ) . plus e i t h e r 2 , 4 - 0 ( s a l t ) or Dowco 290 had a lovrte r a t i t t g NIV 1 t h a n t u r f c r e a t e d w i t h 2 . 4 - D (WSA) + mecoprop + dicambn. Bv .June 2, rttc c u r l r a t i n g s i n a l l t r e a t a d p l o t s were e q u a l t o t h e r e t i n ~ a i n 2.4-D (USA) + nrrcoprnp + dicrrmba- t r e a t e d p l o t s .

T h e s e r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e Lhat t r i c l o i ~ v r and Dowto L U O t rwatmsnta m y d e l a y e a r l y s p r i n g Bermuda~rc lsa growth. I n some Ir trr tancrn. t h e t u r f d i d n o t c o m p l e t e l y r e c o v e r from t r i c l o p y r t rczc twnts r bv late MIIv. ' rtiera- f o r e , c a u t i o n must be t a k e n i n C ~ I C uue 0 1 thes t . c t ~ ~ m i c r ~ l ~ .

T u r f c o v e r . Bermudugrahr growth a s d c t c r m l n e d by t u r f # r r s n r o v e r was d e l a y e d a t G r i f f i t t i n A p r i l B I I ~ FLLv L r o m r r l c l o p y r trrratmrrt tn w h s t h e r a p p l i e d a s s a l t o r e s t e r f o r m u l a t i c ~ n when ~ o m p ~ r c a d v i t l i ~ r o w t t r i n 2.4-0 (WSA) + mecoprop + di rambs- t re . t tnd p l o t n ( t r i b l c e 2.3). Sirniltar ranporrna o c c u r r e d from combirlat ionh of t r l ( lopyr salt wltl l c . i rher 1.4-D o r Dowco 290, o r Iron1 Dowcc, 290 iipp1it.d a l o n e i r i A p r l l . At t n w r r n c c v i l l c , two a p p l i c a t i o n s of 1)owco 290. t r i r l o p \ r ( s a l t ) , mvc ol)rop. o n t o p r o p + 2 ,&-I> (WSA). 2.4-D + 2.4-DP (OSA) . ,ind ~ , m b i n ~ i t i o n s c ~ f t r i c l o p v r (mal t v i t h 2.4-D ( s a l t ) o r Dowco 190 r r h u l t e d i n 1c.c~. Lur! s r c ~ v t l t i n Hnv ttrnrl b i m i l a r t r e a t m e n t k ot 2.4-0 (WL,A) + rnc.coprt?jr + d l ( amha. Howsvar, by J u n e t h e growth was h imi l i j r t o r < i l l ~ r t u t m r n t s . Thlx indiccitera Itrat. b e l e c t e d t r e a t n l e n t h w i l l d e l a y e . l r ly g r u v t t ~ 111 A p r i l nnd Hny, hut L I I ~ ~

v i g o r u s u a L l y r e c o v e r e d b v .runt.

C o n c l u s i o n s : These ~ ~ R u I L s I A L I O W t h i ~ ~ ~ 0 1 i t r ~ 1 01 w l t ~ t e r W F ~ ( J M i n -- -- - - - dormant Bermudagross c u r l can v a r y from d l t f c r c r ~ t l o m u l o t l o n n c r f the same h e r b i c i d e . Tricrlopvr (eall) r , ! f r r e d .il)ma$ l t d ~ l l r l t n ~ I 2 In r < > n L r o l o f weeds when compared wirl i r11e c1rt.mi1 i l l c h r r k [ 2 , 4 - L ) (USA) + mecoprop + d i c a m b a ] . however, t he t t , l e r a ~ r c c t > t H r r r n ~ ~ d ~ ~ ) : r o n n t o ttilw Lrvirtmunt i ls q u e s t i o n a b l e . Dowco 290 d i d IloL c o n t r c ~ l i b 11 wc.crl up&-ciea and tended t o d e l a y e a r l y t u r f grovt11.

Literature Cited

BLngham, S.U., A.H. Kate., and R.E. Schmidt. 1980. Improving b road lea f weed c o n t r o l i n b lueg ras s . Proc. h 'or theaet . Weed 5ci. Soc . 34 : 389- 398.

J agach i t z . .].A. and L.H. B n r r c t t . 1976. Chcinicdl c o n t r o l of broad1epivt.d vceds Ln cocrl seaeon tu r rg ra s l ae s . Proc. Nor theas t . Uerd S c i . Suc. 30:385-388.

J s g u c h i t z . J . A . 1980. Broadleaf weed c o n t r o l i n t u r f g r a s s w i th t ~ t r b i c i d e u . P r o c . Nor theas t . Weed S c i . Soc. 30:385-388.

Johnson. H.J. 1 9 7 7 . C o n t r o l l i n g win te r a n n u a l s w i t h h e r b i c i d e s . Ca. Agric. Hco. Bul. 2 0 6 : 3 5 p p .

Jot~nsion, H..I. 1978. Combirult funs o f pdraquat wi t h o t t le r h e r b i c i d e s tor weed c o n t r o l I n dormant Bcrmudagrirss t u r f . Gn. Agric . Res. Hap. 279: 10 pp.

.Johnson. H..I. 1979. Annual b l u e g r a s s and b rond lea f wced c o n t r o l i n Barmudngraas Lurt . ( ; & I . Agric . Kes. Rep 307: I 4 pp.

'I'roucmnn. 8 . . H . I . . f r . ~ n a , and . I . W . King. 1974. Con t ro l ui w i n t e r weed8 i n durmi~nl Bcrn~udagraau t u r f . Ark. Farm Res. 23(2):3.

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POSTAGE P& u s DEPARTME@

AGRICULTU# AGR 101

THIRD CLASS @4lL