Post on 04-Apr-2018
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 1/20
A PATIENT ORIENTED PROBLEM-SOLVING (POPS) APPROACH IN
TEACHING PATHOLOGY: A COMPARISONWITH TRADITIONAL LECTURES
Dr. Arjun Singh, M.D. Pathology
Associate ProfessorDepartment of Pathology & Medical Education
Index Medical College Hospital and Research Center
Indore, India
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
Study conducted in
Department of Pathology
Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital and ResearchCenter
Pondicherry, India
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 2/20
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 3/20
BACKGROUND
We use many methods to train our
undergraduateLectures is most commonly usedmethod
Lectures is passive mode ofteaching
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 4/20
The POPS incorporate theThe three principles for acquiring a
new information, (Anderson 1977)
Knowledge
Activation
of priorknowledge
Elaborationof knowledge
Encodingspecificity
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 5/20
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 6/20
To develop patient-oriented
problem solving (POPS)
exercises for teaching of Pathology and assess its
effectiveness and studentpreference over didactic lecture:
a comparison study
OBJECTIVES
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 7/20www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 8/20
POPS given to students
Students instructed to come
with solution of problemand reading of related topics
POPS discussed with 10 MCQBy use of PPT and AVA
Next POPS given to students
Total 20 POPS discussed Post test
Feedback taken
Students divided in to two groups
Lecture with chalkand board taken
Total 20 classes taken
Pre test
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 9/20
EXMPLE OFPROBLEMS SOLVING EXERCISE
A 32 years pregnant woman feelstiredness and weakness. On physicalexamination, she is afebrile with no
remarkable findings. Complete hemogramshows Hb :-7.2 g/dl, RBC count :-2.8million/cmm, platelet count :-2.2 lakh/ cmm,WBC count :-7,200 /cmm. Smear shows
presence of Microcytic and hypochromicRBC with preponderance of pencil and teardrop cells.
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 10/20
QUESTION 1 ( Total Questions =10)
What is the probable diagnosis
(A) Iron deficiency anemia
(B) Hemolytic anemia
(C) Megaloblastic anemia
(D) Aplastic anemia
(E) Anemia of chronic loss
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 11/20www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 12/20
Pre and Post test Mean SD of Group A (POPS) and B (Control)
N
M i n i m u m
M a x i m
u m
M e a n
S D
Pre Test Group A 72 0 8 3.64 1.604
Pre Test Group B 70 0 7 3.91 1.530
Post test Group A 72 12 24 19.63 2.703
Post test Group B70 7 22 11.90 3.195
Minimum = Minimum number of correct answers out of a total of 25 questions
Maximum = Maximum number of correct answers out of a total of 25 questionswww.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 13/20
Paired difference Correlations
N Mean SD
Post Test Group A – Pre test Group A 72 15.9861 3.18223
Post Test Group B –
Pre test Group B 70 7.9857 2.52806
Z=16.62, P value<0.001 Significant
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 14/20
S.
N.
Question Large
extent
Small
extent
Not at all
01. Do you think this type methodology (problemsolving exercise) facilitates self learning.
4562.50%
2737.50%
0000%
02. Do you think that type methodology (problem
solving exercise) should be used by every
teacher.
35
48.61%
33
45.83%
04
05.55%
03. Do you think that this type of methodology
(problem solving exercise) will help you to make
diagnosis in real clinical practice (Practical
approach).
38
52.78%
30
41.67%
04
05.55%
04. Do you think self reading before class help in
understanding of class material.
39
54.17%
26
36.11%
07
09.72%
05. Do you think that type methodology (problem
solving exercise) creates interest in topic.
33
45.83%
30
41.67%
09
12.50%
Student response to POPS
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 15/20
06. Do you think that this type exercises help to keep
your attention in class room.
42
58.33%
27
37.50%
03
04.17%
07. Do you think that this type of teaching
methodology is more scientific ways of
teaching.
46
63.89%
20
27.78%
06
08.33%
08. Do you think that this type of teaching
methodology strengthen student intrinsic
motivation.
38
52.78%
25
34.72%
09
12.50%
09. Do you think that this type of teaching
methodology develop self directed learning
skill.
58
80.55%
12
16.67%
02
02.85%
10. Do you think that this type of teaching
methodology gives systemic approach or
attempt to apply finding of cognitive psychology
to educational process.
38
52.78%
29
40.27%
05
06.94%
Average % 57.52% 35.67% 06.81%
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 16/20
Student’s satisfaction by POPS over the lecture
% of satisfaction No. of student % of total student
01 to 10 00 00
11 to 20 00 00
21 to 30 00 00
31 to 40 00 00
41 to 50 01 01.38
51 to 60 03 04.16
61 to 70 05 06.94
71 to 80 08 11.11
81 to 90 07 09.72
91 to 100 46 63.89
No response 02 02.78
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 17/20www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 18/20
CONCLUSION
Group A performed better than group B,
Zeta test was 16.62 P<0.001
Feed back response shows 93.19% studentsare in favor of POPS method
84.72% students are 71-100% satisfied by
POPS methods
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 19/20
KEY MESSAGE
POPS can be introduced at individual level in
teaching
Does not require small group and more
teachers
POPS is better option of medical student
teaching for long last memory
POPS can be an alternative of PBL as well
as dialectic lecture
www.drarjunpatho.hpage.com
7/30/2019 Pops at Amee 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pops-at-amee-2011 20/20
THANKSwww drarjunpatho hpage com