Plate Tectonic Test Plate Tectonic Test ReviewReview

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The Outermost layer of the Earth is The Outermost layer of the Earth is called the called the

Inner Core

Crust

Outer Core

Mantle

The dense, solid, metallic layer of The dense, solid, metallic layer of the Earth the Earth

Mantle

Inner Core

Crust

Outer Core

Convection currents in this layer Convection currents in this layer cause cause plates to moveplates to move. .

Mantle

Inner Core

Crust

Outer Core

True or FalseTrue or FalseThe Inner core is molten metal The Inner core is molten metal

True False

About how fast do tectonic plates About how fast do tectonic plates move? move?

A few centimeters per year

A few meters per year

A few kilometers per year

A few miles per year

The San Andreas Fault occurs The San Andreas Fault occurs along which type of plate along which type of plate

boundary? boundary?

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

Shear

Which of the following is NOT Which of the following is NOT evidence for Plate Tectonics? evidence for Plate Tectonics?

Fit of continents

Fossils

Ancient climate zones

Northern lights

Plates move apart at this type of Plates move apart at this type of boundary? boundary?

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

Shear

Which tectonic plate do we live on? Which tectonic plate do we live on?

North American Pacific

One plate sinks beneath another One plate sinks beneath another at… at…

The Mid-ocean ridge

Subduction zones

The San Andreas Fault

Normal faults

True or FalseTrue or FalseScientists accepted Wegener’s Scientists accepted Wegener’s

Theory of Continental Drift. Theory of Continental Drift.

True False

Plates of the lithosphere float on Plates of the lithosphere float on the _________________.the _________________.

Crust

Mantle

Asthenosphere

Outer Core

Woohoo! You finished the Woohoo! You finished the review. Good job! review. Good job!

CrustCrust• Is the thin (5-40km), rocky outer layer of Earth

• Ocean crust is thin and dense compared to continental crust.

2.3 Earth’s Interior

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CoreCore• Is the dense metallic center of Earth• Outer core (2250km) is molten metal

due to extremely high temperature• Inner core (1200km) is solid due to

extremely high pressure.

2.3 Earth’s Interior

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What controls plate What controls plate movement?movement?

• Some scientists believe that convection in the mantle controls the movement of plates.

4.3 Theory of Plate Tectonics

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CoreCore• Is the dense metallic center of Earth• Outer core (2250km) is molten metal

due to extremely high temperature• Inner core (1200km) is solid due to

extremely high pressure.

2.3 Earth’s Interior

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Earth’s PlatesEarth’s Plates• Lithospheric plates are large brittle pieces of Earth’s outer shell

that move at a rate of centimeters per year.

• The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement of lithospheric plates.

4.3 Theory of Plate Tectonics

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Transform Plate BoundaryTransform Plate Boundary• The San Andreas Fault

is a transform plate boundary between the North American and Pacific Plates.

• This boundary switches to an oceanic transform boundary when it goes out to sea.

5.2 California Geology

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Evidence for Continental Evidence for Continental DriftDrift

• Four major pieces of evidence:

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1. Fit of the Continents1. Fit of the Continents

• Africa and South America fit together like a puzzle.

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2. Fossil Evidence2. Fossil Evidence• Wegener used fossil evidence from a

fossil of a fern called Glossopteris.• Fern seed was too heavy to be carried by

the wind.• Oceans were too wide to allow the seed to

float across the waters.• Conclusion: When Glossopteris was alive,

the continents must have been connected.

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3. Rock Types and Mountain 3. Rock Types and Mountain RangesRanges

• Ancient rocks on the continents match up when you assemble the continents as Pangaea.

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Rock Types and Mountain Rock Types and Mountain Ranges Ranges (cont.)(cont.)

• Some mountain ranges appear as if they were once connected.

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4. Climate Evidence4. Climate Evidence• Sedimentary rocks record clues about climate.

• The ancient climate of certain locations was very different from the present-day climate.– Tropical plants in Greenland, glaciers in

Africa (p.166)

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1. Divergent Plate 1. Divergent Plate BoundariesBoundaries

• occurs when two lithospheric plates move apart.• Mid-ocean ridges occur along divergent plate boundaries.

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2. Convergent Plate 2. Convergent Plate BoundariesBoundaries

• form when two lithospheric plates move toward each other.

• Three possible interactions:

– Ocean-to-ocean– Ocean-to-continent– Continent-to-continent

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3. Transform Plate 3. Transform Plate BoundariesBoundaries

• A transform plate boundary exists when two plates slide horizontally past one another.

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Plate Tectonics in Plate Tectonics in CaliforniaCalifornia

• A convergent plate boundary resides off the northern shore of California.

• We live on the west side of the boundary on the Pacific Plate.

• A continental transform plate boundary cuts across California.

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2. Convergent Plate 2. Convergent Plate BoundariesBoundaries

• form when two lithospheric plates move toward each other.

• Subduction occurs when one plate sinks beneath another.

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Hypothesis RejectedHypothesis Rejected• Wegener proposed that the same forces of gravity that produced

tides moved the continents.

• Scientists rejected this hypothesis because they did not accept Wegener’s explanation of how the continents moved.

• New technology gathered additional evidence that supported the continental drift theory. (p.172)

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LithosphereLithosphere

• Is the brittle, outer layer of Earth formed by the crust and uppermost mantle.

• Broken into pieces called plates.• The plates of the lithosphere float on the

asthenosphere.

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