Intensifying*CO2*binding*

Pol$Knops$Innova,on$Concepts$

www.innova,onconcepts.eu$knops@innova,onconcepts.eu$

Tel:$06;51304842$AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$

Presenta;on*

•  CO2*cycle*• Mineraliza;on*

•  Gravity*Pressure*Vessel*

AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$ *Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**2*13/11/2013*

“Uphill”*/*“Downhill”*En

ergy*level*

CO2*

Coal*

0$

AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$ *Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**3*13/11/2013*

“Uphill”*/*“Downhill”*En

ergy*level*

CO2*

Coal*

0*

Urea*

Synthesis*gas*

CO*

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“Uphill”*/*“Downhill”*En

ergy*level*

CO2*

Coal*

0*

Urea$

Synthesis$gas$

CO$

MgCO3*

The*Ground*energy*state*of*a*Carbon*is*a*Carbonate*

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Mineraliza;on*reac;on*

Olivine Mg2SiO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O =>

2MgCO3 + Si(OH)4 [∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]

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Carbon*deposits*Amount*(C)*(X*10E15*kg)*

Rela;ve*(%)*

Limestone$(CaCO3)$ 35.000$ 47%*

Dolomites$(CaCO3MgCO3)$ 25.000$ 33%*

Sedimentary$carbon$ 15.000$ 20%$

Recoverable$fossil$fuels$ 4$ 0,005%$

Oceanic$HCO3;$CO32;$ 42$ 0,056%$

Dead$Surficial$Carbon$(humus,$peat)$ 3$ 0,004%$

Atmospheric$CO2$ 0,72$ 0,00095%$

Biomass$ 0,56$ 0,0007%$

Anthropogenic$emissions$ 0,008/year$

Natural$(volcanic)$ 0,00005$/yr$ (1%)$

“Live”*

“Dead”*

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Global*CO2*balance*

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CO2*sequestra;on*

Increase*mineraliza;on:*

•  Ambient*Weathering*

•  Product*replacement*

•  Process*intensifica;on*

Weathering*rate:*

≈*1*μm/year*

≈100*μm/hr*

Intensifica*on:-1.000.000-*mes-AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$13/11/2013* *Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**9*

Process*condi;ons*

Flue*gas*

60°C$

Ambient$(10%$CO2)$

seconds$

Mineraliza;on*

180°C$

40;100$bar$

1$hour$

VerTech*(GPV)*

275°C$

100$bar$

1$hour$

Temperature$

Pressure$

Residence$,me$

AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$13/11/2013* *Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**10*

Process*

•  Opera;ng*principle:*Step*by*step*explained*in*following*slides*

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Reactor*1*

B$

A$

A:*Incoming*material*B:*DownComer*tube** Pressure*increase** Preehea;ng*medium*(speed*up*reac;on*kine;cs)*

0$meter$

;1200$meter$

AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$ *Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**12*13/11/2013*

Reactor*2*

B$

A$

A:*Incoming*material*B:*DownComer*tube*C:*CO2*injec;on** Reactants*present,*increased*temperature*present** Exothermic*reac;on*e>*Energy*produc;on*

C*

C*

C*

C*

*Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**13*13/11/2013* AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$

D$

Reactor*3*

B$

A:*Incoming*material*B:*DownComer*tube*C:*CO2*injec;on*D:*UpComer*tube:** Releases*most*of*the*energy*to*DownComer** Pressure*decreases** Leaves*the*reactor*

C*

A$

D*

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E$D$

Reactor*4*

B$

A:*Incoming*material*B:*DownComer*tube*C:*CO2*injec;on*D:*UpComer*tube*E:*Surrounding*cooling*tube***Func;on*first*(reverse*circula;on)*hea;ng*up****Aier*“igni;on”*(exothermic*reac;on)**cooling******The*cooling*water*can*be*reeused*(amine*recovery)***Appr.*half*of*the*exothermic*heat*is*available*at*this*high*temperature*pipe*

C*

A$

E*

E*E*

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E$D$

Advantages*

B$

C*

A$

; *Pressure*built*up*; *Heat*exchange*; *Intense*mixing*; *Plug*flow*reactor*; *Residence*;me*; *Energy*recovery*

E*

E* E*

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Construc;on*

•  Conven;onal*drilling:**Straight,*30”**

13/11/2013*

Well*head*

Process*Comparison* VerTech* CO2*Energy*reactor*

(pilot*scale)*

Experience*Construc;on*period*

>*10*years*1992*e*1994*

Not**e*

Throughput* 120*m3/hr*550.000*m3/hr*

100*m3/hr*20*ton*Olivine/hr*

Energy*produc;on*Recovery*

9.5*MW(th)*50%*@*260°C*

9.8*MW(th)*50%*@*180°C*

Energy*density* 0.34*MJ/kg* 0.42*MJ/kg*

Gas*injec;on* O2:*2400*kg/hr* CO2:*12*ton/hr*100kton*CO2/yr*

Max.*temp*Depth*

270°C*1200*meter*

190°C**1200*meter*

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Batch*autoclave*

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Other*Processes*

• Asbestos*destruc;on*• Steel*slags*• Red*mud*treatment*

• Bayer*process*(alumina*produc;on)*

• High*Pressure*Acid*Leaching*• Wet*Air*Oxida;on:*** Oil*Sand*residue*

*Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**21*13/11/2013* AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$

End*

Reac;on*rate:*

From*geological*scale*to*process*scale*

Een GPV-reactor gebruikt de zwaartekracht om de benodigde druk te creëren,terwijl de warmte die bij de reactie vrijkomt zorgt voor de gewenste hoge temperaturen.

Gravity Pressure Vessel (GPV)

van water engemalen olivijn

injectie slurry

stoom

slurry

carbonaten

slurrystroomt weer terug naar boven

© De Ingenieur / Marcel Groenen

afgetapt en gebruikt voorproductie van elektriciteit

water

reageert met olivijn envormt carbonaten:

carbondioxyde

magnesiumcarbonaatcalciumcarbonaatkaliumcarbonaat

zand (silicaten)

zwaartekrachtzorgt voor debenodigde druk

Warmte die bij de reactie vrijkomtzorgt voor hoge temperaturen