Post on 23-Dec-2015
STATES OF MATTER
• Matter can be classified into groups based on the shape and volume of their moving particles–SOLID–LIQUID–GAS–PLASMA
• SOLID - state of matter when materials have definite shape and definite volume– Atoms are packed tightly
together–Atoms are arranged neatly,
orderly–Atoms vibrate around the same
location
Examples of Solids are
• Ice• Frog• Cheese• Bricks• Wood• Popcicle
• Liquid- state of matter when materials have definite volume and indefinite shape– Liquid takes the same shape as its
container–Particles FLOW past one another easily–Atoms are close, but not tight–Atoms are randomly arranged
Examples of Liquids are
• Orange Juice• Water• Soft drinks• Milk• Rubbing Alcohol• Vinegar
• Gas – state of matter when materials have indefinite shape AND indefinite volume– Take shape and volume of container–Atoms spread to fit container–Atoms move rapidly, constantly–Atoms randomly arranged with large
spaces between them
Examples of Gases are
• Steam• Oxygen• Carbon dioxide• Smog• Tear Gas• Helium
• Plasma – state of matter made up of small electrically charged particles–Found where there is
high temperature and pressure
–Rare to find on Earth–Ex, lightning–Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and neon lights
MATTER
• Kinetic Energy (KE) - energy of motion–All matter is made of millions of
tiny particles– these particles are constantly
moving, and have KE
• Phase Change - reversible physical change from one state to another– heat energy is absorbed or
released
Energy determines the state!
Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
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Red = heatingBlue = cooling
• Melting – changing from solid to liquid– When a solid gains heat –Temperature and energy
INCREASE
• Freezing – changing from liquid to solid– When a liquid loses heat –Baked cookies are actually
FROZEN because they are solid.–Freezing does not always mean
COLD.–Freezing point and melting point
are the same
• Evaporation – changing from a liquid to a gas – Temperature is below boiling
point–Water VAPOR or STEAM = gas– More area = faster evaporation
• Boiling – when vapor pressure is the same as atmospheric pressure and bubbling occurs–Vapor pressure - pressure
created by moving gas particles bumping into each other or the container
–Atmospheric pressure – pressure outside the container
• Condensation – change from gas to liquid–Water vapor particles hit a cool
surface, lose heat, and change into water
• Sublimation- change from solid to gas–NO LIQUID IN BETWEEN–Dry ice
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