PhotosynthesisReviewChapter 8

Plants “look green” because they _____________ green wavelengths of light.

absorb reflect

reflect

Photosynthesis in plants takes place inside which organelle?

chloroplasts

He carefully measured the seed, water , and soil and concluded that the increase in mass of the plant came from water.

__________________Jan van Helmont

Joseph Priestly

He knew that a plant in a bell jar would generate “good” air. ________________

http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG

http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html

A _________________ is a molecule (like chlorophyll) that absorbs energy and is used by green plants to absorb sunlight.

Name the two types of chlorophyll

________________ & _________________

pigment

Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b

Blue-violet and red wavelengths

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

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Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

Which wavelengths of light do chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb best?

He showed Priestley’s experiment only

worked if the plant

got light

Jan Ingenhousz

Melvin Calvin

He earned the Nobel prize for determining the biochemicalpathway used to make glucose

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-bio.html

http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll a

Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

They do not absorb green light.

Which wavelengthof light doesChlorophyll a and chlorophyll b Absorb the least?

© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.

Name the molecule used by living things to store and transfer energy =___________________________

ATP/adenosine triphosphate

This scientist further investigated Joseph Priestly’s plant under the bell jar experiment. He determined that light was needed to generate oxygen.

Jan Ingenhousz

Set of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction goes on to be the reactant in the next reaction

biochemical pathway

Use words to fill in the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis.

___________+___________ __________ + __________

Carbon dioxide water Sugars oxygen

Land plants get the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis from the _____________

Where do water plants like algae get their CO2? atmosphere

Name the high energy electron carrier that picks up electrons and H+ ions when water is split. NADP+

From the water in which they live

This organism is a _____________.

autotroph heterotroph

heterotroph

Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm

Name the 2 sets of reactions that make up photosynthesis:

#1 is called ___________________.Light-Dependent Reactions#2 is called ________________.Calvin Cycle

(or Light-independent Reactions)

#1

#2

Photosynthesis

Label the reactants and products for theLight dependent reactions

#1 = __________________

#2 = __________________

#3 = __________________

ATP and NADPH

Light Dependent Reactions#1

#2 Photosynthesis

SUNLIGHT and WATER

#3

Oxygen

Label the reactants and products for the Calvin cycle

#1 = __________________

#2 = __________________

#3 = __________________

carbon dioxide

#1

#2

Photosynthesis

ATP & NADPH

CalvinCYCLE

#3

Sugars

Space surrounding the thylakoids is called the _______________.stroma

Stacks of thylakoids are called ________.

If you were talking about only one of theseyou would call it a ______________

The main photosynthetic pigment ingreen plants = ___________________

grana

granum

chlorophyll

The clusters of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that collect light are called ________________

Where does the Calvin cycle happen?

A protein that helps chemical reactions happen faster in living things is called

an _______________

PHOTOSYSTEMS

In the stroma

enzyme

TRUE or FALSE

The Calvin cycle requires light.

FALSE: It is light INDEPENDENT

Light-Dependent Reactions break apart ________ and give off _______ gas.water oxygen

This stack of membrane sacs is called a ________________

Which part of photosynthesis happens here?

granum

Light dependent reactions

This space around thegrana is calledthe _____________

Which part of photosynthesis happens here?

stroma

Calvin cycle

______________ areplant pigments thatare orange or yellowinstead of green

An organism that can make its own food like a green plant is called an

_______________

Carotenoids

autotroph

http://www.rnzih.org.nz/images/gardenimages/carrots_d.jpg

Molecules that interact in a chemical reaction that are written on the left side of a chemical equation are called ________________

An organism that CAN’T make its own food and must get its energy from consuming other organisms

reactants

heterotroph

Reactions of photosynthesis that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH

Large protein in the thylakoid membrane that uses energy from H+ ions to join ADP and a phosphate group to make ATP

Light-dependent reactions

ATP synthase

An organism like a green plant thatcan make its own food

Molecule made of ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphates used by living things to store and release energy

AUTOTROPH

ATP

Pigments that are yellow or orange not green

Clusters of light collectingproteins found in the thylakoidmembrane

Space surrounding the thylakoidsinside a chloroplast

carotenoids

photosystems

stroma

Process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) and high energy carbohydrates

Stack of thylakoid membranes

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

GRANUM (pl. GRANA)

The change in shape of a protein at extremes of temperature or pH

6 carbon sugar molecule that isthe main product of photosynthesis

and is used as the fuel burned by cells

denaturing

glucose

Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy sugar molecules

Negatively charged particle found circling the nucleus of an atom

Calvin cycle

electron

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Cell organelle containing thylakoid stacks where photosynthesis happens

In which part of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?

proton

chloroplast

Light-dependent reactions

Particle without an electric charge

found in the nucleus of a atom

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons so they have an electric charge

Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached

neutron

IONS

diffusion

Molecules that are produced during a chemical reaction that are written on the right side of a chemical equation

High energy electron carrier which receives electrons and H+ ions when water splits during the light dependent reaction

products

NADP+

Difference in concentration in one place compared to another

Group of membrane proteins that transfers electrons between Photosystem II and I during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis

Concentration gradient

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Label molecules of the light dependent reactions.

A = ___________________B = ___________________C = ___________________D = ___________________

Electron Transport ChainPHOTOSYSTEM II

PHOTOSYSTEM IATP Synthase

Which ion moves across the membrane to power the ATP synthase enzyme to add a phosphate to ADP?

Where do the carbon atoms come from that end up in carbohydrates made by the Calvin cycle?

Which gas that we need is given offduring photosynthesis?

H+ (Hydrogen ion)

Carbon dioxide

oxygen

Where do H+ ions build up as water is broken down and the light dependent reactions are happening?

Where to does the ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent phase end up?

Thylakoid space

It is used by the Calvin cycle to make sugar

Label reactants and products for photosynthesis:

#1 = ___________________#2 = ___________________#3 = ___________________#4 = ___________________#5 = ___________________

Carbon dioxide

WATEROXYGEN

SUGARLight energy

Which molecule is broken to provide the H+ to make NADPH?

Which molecule spins as H+ ions pass through to the other side of the membrane?

H2O

ATP synthase

Give the chemical symbol for these

biologically important atoms & ions:

Carbon _____ Hydrogen ion ___

Hydrogen ____

Oxygen ____

Nitrogen ____

Phosphorus ____

C

H

N

P

O

H+

This organism is a(n) _____________.

autotroph heterotroph

Heterotroph

Fungi get their energy by absorbing nutrients from dead organisms.

Many enzymes have this ending on their names = _________

Name 2 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

What do you think would happen to the rate of photosynthesis on a cloudy day?

-ASE

Temperature, availability of water,and light intensity

It would be slower than on a sunny day

How many phosphate groups are ina molecule of ADP?

Write the equation for changing ADP into ATP.

2

ADP + P + energy → ATP

What compounds are formed fromcarbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle?

Which part of photosynthesis can continue at night?

sugars

Calvin cycle

Another name for the Calvin cycle

How are photosystem I and II alike?

How are they different?

Light INDEPENDENT reactions

Both are light dependentBoth use light to energize electrons

II- splits water moleculesI- NADPH is made

This organism is a(n) _____________.

autotroph heterotroph

autotroph

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis

___________+___________ → __________ + __________6 CO2 6 O2

6 H2O C6H12O6

This reaction shows how cells _______________ energy

STORE RELEASE

STORE

Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

Tell which molecule the H in NADPH originally comes from.

NADPH

Comes from H2Owhen water is split

Animal cells store their glucose as _______________

Starch Glycogen

glycogen

This reaction shows how cells _______________ energy

STORE RELEASE

RELEASE

Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/glycogen.jpg

A = ______________________

B = ______________________

Label A and B

Thylakoid space (space inside thylakoid sac)

stroma

Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

A (individual membrane sac) = _________________B (space inside the sac) = _____________________C (stack) = __________________D (space surrounding the sacs) = ________________E (space outside the chloroplast) = ________________

Label the parts of this chloroplast

Granum (pl. grana)Thylakoid space

thylakoid

Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

stromacytoplasm

Plant cells store their glucose as _______________

Starch Glycogen

starch

This reaction shows how cells _______________ energy

STORE RELEASE

RELEASE

Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/default.htm

How many molecules of CO2 are needed to make 1 molecule of glucose?

Write the equation showing how NADP+ becomes NADPH.

6

NADP + + high energy e- + H+ ions→ NADPH

Label the parts of this molecule

A = ______________________B = ______________________C = ______________________

Name this molecule used to store and transport energy

ATP-adenosine triphosphate

adenine

Phosphate groups

Ribose sugar

Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

Tell which molecule each of the atoms that end up in glucose originally came from:

C6H12O6

_______ ________ _________

CO2CO2H2O