Photosynthesis Review Chapter 8. Plants “look green” because they _____________ green...
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Transcript of Photosynthesis Review Chapter 8. Plants “look green” because they _____________ green...
PhotosynthesisReviewChapter 8
Plants “look green” because they _____________ green wavelengths of light.
absorb reflect
reflect
Photosynthesis in plants takes place inside which organelle?
chloroplasts
He carefully measured the seed, water , and soil and concluded that the increase in mass of the plant came from water.
__________________Jan van Helmont
Joseph Priestly
He knew that a plant in a bell jar would generate “good” air. ________________
http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html
A _________________ is a molecule (like chlorophyll) that absorbs energy and is used by green plants to absorb sunlight.
Name the two types of chlorophyll
________________ & _________________
pigment
Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b
Blue-violet and red wavelengths
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Which wavelengths of light do chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb best?
He showed Priestley’s experiment only
worked if the plant
got light
Jan Ingenhousz
Melvin Calvin
He earned the Nobel prize for determining the biochemicalpathway used to make glucose
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-bio.html
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
They do not absorb green light.
Which wavelengthof light doesChlorophyll a and chlorophyll b Absorb the least?
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Name the molecule used by living things to store and transfer energy =___________________________
ATP/adenosine triphosphate
This scientist further investigated Joseph Priestly’s plant under the bell jar experiment. He determined that light was needed to generate oxygen.
Jan Ingenhousz
Set of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction goes on to be the reactant in the next reaction
biochemical pathway
Use words to fill in the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis.
___________+___________ __________ + __________
Carbon dioxide water Sugars oxygen
Land plants get the carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis from the _____________
Where do water plants like algae get their CO2? atmosphere
Name the high energy electron carrier that picks up electrons and H+ ions when water is split. NADP+
From the water in which they live
This organism is a _____________.
autotroph heterotroph
heterotroph
Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm
Name the 2 sets of reactions that make up photosynthesis:
#1 is called ___________________.Light-Dependent Reactions#2 is called ________________.Calvin Cycle
(or Light-independent Reactions)
#1
#2
Photosynthesis
Label the reactants and products for theLight dependent reactions
#1 = __________________
#2 = __________________
#3 = __________________
ATP and NADPH
Light Dependent Reactions#1
#2 Photosynthesis
SUNLIGHT and WATER
#3
Oxygen
Label the reactants and products for the Calvin cycle
#1 = __________________
#2 = __________________
#3 = __________________
carbon dioxide
#1
#2
Photosynthesis
ATP & NADPH
CalvinCYCLE
#3
Sugars
Space surrounding the thylakoids is called the _______________.stroma
Stacks of thylakoids are called ________.
If you were talking about only one of theseyou would call it a ______________
The main photosynthetic pigment ingreen plants = ___________________
grana
granum
chlorophyll
The clusters of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that collect light are called ________________
Where does the Calvin cycle happen?
A protein that helps chemical reactions happen faster in living things is called
an _______________
PHOTOSYSTEMS
In the stroma
enzyme
TRUE or FALSE
The Calvin cycle requires light.
FALSE: It is light INDEPENDENT
Light-Dependent Reactions break apart ________ and give off _______ gas.water oxygen
This stack of membrane sacs is called a ________________
Which part of photosynthesis happens here?
granum
Light dependent reactions
This space around thegrana is calledthe _____________
Which part of photosynthesis happens here?
stroma
Calvin cycle
______________ areplant pigments thatare orange or yellowinstead of green
An organism that can make its own food like a green plant is called an
_______________
Carotenoids
autotroph
http://www.rnzih.org.nz/images/gardenimages/carrots_d.jpg
Molecules that interact in a chemical reaction that are written on the left side of a chemical equation are called ________________
An organism that CAN’T make its own food and must get its energy from consuming other organisms
reactants
heterotroph
Reactions of photosynthesis that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH
Large protein in the thylakoid membrane that uses energy from H+ ions to join ADP and a phosphate group to make ATP
Light-dependent reactions
ATP synthase
An organism like a green plant thatcan make its own food
Molecule made of ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphates used by living things to store and release energy
AUTOTROPH
ATP
Pigments that are yellow or orange not green
Clusters of light collectingproteins found in the thylakoidmembrane
Space surrounding the thylakoidsinside a chloroplast
carotenoids
photosystems
stroma
Process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) and high energy carbohydrates
Stack of thylakoid membranes
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
GRANUM (pl. GRANA)
The change in shape of a protein at extremes of temperature or pH
6 carbon sugar molecule that isthe main product of photosynthesis
and is used as the fuel burned by cells
denaturing
glucose
Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy sugar molecules
Negatively charged particle found circling the nucleus of an atom
Calvin cycle
electron
Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Cell organelle containing thylakoid stacks where photosynthesis happens
In which part of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?
proton
chloroplast
Light-dependent reactions
Particle without an electric charge
found in the nucleus of a atom
Atoms that have gained or lost electrons so they have an electric charge
Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached
neutron
IONS
diffusion
Molecules that are produced during a chemical reaction that are written on the right side of a chemical equation
High energy electron carrier which receives electrons and H+ ions when water splits during the light dependent reaction
products
NADP+
Difference in concentration in one place compared to another
Group of membrane proteins that transfers electrons between Photosystem II and I during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis
Concentration gradient
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Label molecules of the light dependent reactions.
A = ___________________B = ___________________C = ___________________D = ___________________
Electron Transport ChainPHOTOSYSTEM II
PHOTOSYSTEM IATP Synthase
Which ion moves across the membrane to power the ATP synthase enzyme to add a phosphate to ADP?
Where do the carbon atoms come from that end up in carbohydrates made by the Calvin cycle?
Which gas that we need is given offduring photosynthesis?
H+ (Hydrogen ion)
Carbon dioxide
oxygen
Where do H+ ions build up as water is broken down and the light dependent reactions are happening?
Where to does the ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent phase end up?
Thylakoid space
It is used by the Calvin cycle to make sugar
Label reactants and products for photosynthesis:
#1 = ___________________#2 = ___________________#3 = ___________________#4 = ___________________#5 = ___________________
Carbon dioxide
WATEROXYGEN
SUGARLight energy
Which molecule is broken to provide the H+ to make NADPH?
Which molecule spins as H+ ions pass through to the other side of the membrane?
H2O
ATP synthase
Give the chemical symbol for these
biologically important atoms & ions:
Carbon _____ Hydrogen ion ___
Hydrogen ____
Oxygen ____
Nitrogen ____
Phosphorus ____
C
H
N
P
O
H+
This organism is a(n) _____________.
autotroph heterotroph
Heterotroph
Fungi get their energy by absorbing nutrients from dead organisms.
Many enzymes have this ending on their names = _________
Name 2 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.
What do you think would happen to the rate of photosynthesis on a cloudy day?
-ASE
Temperature, availability of water,and light intensity
It would be slower than on a sunny day
How many phosphate groups are ina molecule of ADP?
Write the equation for changing ADP into ATP.
2
ADP + P + energy → ATP
What compounds are formed fromcarbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle?
Which part of photosynthesis can continue at night?
sugars
Calvin cycle
Another name for the Calvin cycle
How are photosystem I and II alike?
How are they different?
Light INDEPENDENT reactions
Both are light dependentBoth use light to energize electrons
II- splits water moleculesI- NADPH is made
This organism is a(n) _____________.
autotroph heterotroph
autotroph
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis
___________+___________ → __________ + __________6 CO2 6 O2
6 H2O C6H12O6
This reaction shows how cells _______________ energy
STORE RELEASE
STORE
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Tell which molecule the H in NADPH originally comes from.
NADPH
Comes from H2Owhen water is split
Animal cells store their glucose as _______________
Starch Glycogen
glycogen
This reaction shows how cells _______________ energy
STORE RELEASE
RELEASE
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/glycogen.jpg
A = ______________________
B = ______________________
Label A and B
Thylakoid space (space inside thylakoid sac)
stroma
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
A (individual membrane sac) = _________________B (space inside the sac) = _____________________C (stack) = __________________D (space surrounding the sacs) = ________________E (space outside the chloroplast) = ________________
Label the parts of this chloroplast
Granum (pl. grana)Thylakoid space
thylakoid
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
stromacytoplasm
Plant cells store their glucose as _______________
Starch Glycogen
starch
This reaction shows how cells _______________ energy
STORE RELEASE
RELEASE
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/default.htm
How many molecules of CO2 are needed to make 1 molecule of glucose?
Write the equation showing how NADP+ becomes NADPH.
6
NADP + + high energy e- + H+ ions→ NADPH
Label the parts of this molecule
A = ______________________B = ______________________C = ______________________
Name this molecule used to store and transport energy
ATP-adenosine triphosphate
adenine
Phosphate groups
Ribose sugar
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Tell which molecule each of the atoms that end up in glucose originally came from:
C6H12O6
_______ ________ _________
CO2CO2H2O