Philosophy

Philosophy

Greeks placed

importance on intellect.

Greeks placed

importance on intellect.

Intellect: the ability to learn

and reason

Intellect: the ability to learn

and reason

philosophiaphilosophiaStudying the laws of nature and loving wisdom

Today we call these people scientists and philosophers

Studying the laws of nature and loving wisdom

Today we call these people scientists and philosophers

SocratesSocrates Born 470 B.C. Gave up business to search for truth

Traveled throughout Athens teaching

developed Socratic Method of learning – answered a question with a question

Teachings of Socrates

Teachings of Socrates

Believed wrongdoing was a consequence of ignorance

Believed you should focus on self-development

Believed wrongdoing was a consequence of ignorance

Believed you should focus on self-development

Reaction to

Teachings of

Socrates

Reaction to

Teachings of

Socrates

Some people were pleased to examine their own

beliefs

Some people were pleased to examine their own

beliefs

Some felt that Socrates

teachings were

dangerous.

Some felt that Socrates

teachings were

dangerous.

In reality….

In reality….It pointed out

their own mistakes.

It pointed out their own mistakes.

Socrates was accused of….Socrates was accused of….

Denying the gods Corrupting the youth of Athens

Trying to overthrow the government

Denying the gods Corrupting the youth of Athens

Trying to overthrow the government

Socrates was put on trial.

Socrates was put on trial.

Tried before 500 citizens “Wealth does not bring goodness. But goodness brings wealth and every blessing, both to the citizen and to the polis.”

Tried before 500 citizens “Wealth does not bring goodness. But goodness brings wealth and every blessing, both to the citizen and to the polis.”

Guilty or Not Guilty

Guilty or Not Guilty

Socrates was found guilty

Sentenced to deathDrank hemlock (poison)

Socrates was found guilty

Sentenced to deathDrank hemlock (poison)

The Death of Socrates

Jaques-Louis David (French, 1787)

People regretted executing

Socrates and erected a

statue in his honor.

People regretted executing

Socrates and erected a

statue in his honor.

Socrates left no writings.

What we have learned,

we learned from one of his pupils…..

Socrates left no writings.

What we have learned,

we learned from one of his pupils…..

Plato

Plato

Plato428 B.C. (?)Student of Socrates

30 years old when Socrates died

Plato dreamed of being a politicianPlato dreamed of being a politician

•Changed his mind after Socrates’ death

•Traveled to Egypt & Italy•Gone for 12 years Academy - School set up by Plato & taught for 40 years

•Changed his mind after Socrates’ death

•Traveled to Egypt & Italy•Gone for 12 years Academy - School set up by Plato & taught for 40 years

The Academy by: Raphael

Plato’s BeliefsPlato’s Beliefs Believed in order Thought only wise should rule

Wrote The Republic – 1st political science book (study of government)

Wrote The Dialogues

Believed in order Thought only wise should rule

Wrote The Republic – 1st political science book (study of government)

Wrote The Dialogues

Aristotle

Aristotle

AristotleAristotle Pupil of Plato Came to Academy at 17; stayed 20 years

Founded his own school & wrote more than 200 books

“the master of them that

know”

“the master of them that

know”First to classifyDeveloped third step of scientific method: testing hypothesis

Logic – science of reasoning

First to classifyDeveloped third step of scientific method: testing hypothesis

Logic – science of reasoning

Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard

battle. Plato

Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard

battle. Plato

The unexamined life is not worth living.

Socrates

The unexamined life is not worth living.

Socrates

Character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion. Aristotle

Character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion. Aristotle

Greek ScientistsGreek Scientists Thales of Miletus – 1st Greek Scientist; predicted eclipse of sun in 585 B.C.

Hippocrates – founder of scientific medicine; diagnosed diseases; created rules about how doctors use skills (Hippocratic Oath)